Latent HIV reservoirs evade both antiviral therapy and immune surveillance. Luo and colleagues develop a multifunctional fusion protein that couples reservoir reactivation with targeted immune engagement and clearance, offering a coordinated strategy to expose and eliminate persistent HIV-infected cells.

Nature Nanotechnology, Published online: 08 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41565-026-02262-6Charge-switching S-lipids generate S-lipid nanoparticles that are neutral or negative at physiological pH but become cationic in acidic endosomes, enabling nucleic acid delivery with reduced inflammation compared with conventional LNPs.