Nature Medicine, Published online: 14 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04622-0In this Comment, we argue for a global health system that recognizes and supports countries as the primary agents of action, oriented around global public goods and collective action, and served by a leaner set of global and regional institutions. We present a potential vision for the functions and distribution of labor in the system to inform ongoing reform discussions and draw critique, dissent and amendment.

Nature Medicine, Published online: 14 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04639-5Trust in clinical artificial intelligence (AI) cannot be benchmarked into existence. It must be earned through rigorous prospective studies in real-world clinical settings, where the hardest lessons often concern the humans and systems around the AI, not the technology itself.