Nature Medicine, Published online: 17 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04646-6Results of this study show in experimental models and data from patient cohorts that the antiseizure medication levetiracetam is associated with longer survival and reduced tumor growth in diffuse midline glioma, but not hemispheric high-grade glioma, by selectively dampening GABAergic synaptic signaling, independently of its canonical SV2A-mediated primary antiseizure mechanism.

Nature Medicine, Published online: 16 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04665-3Increased expression of EBV reactivation genes in B cells and MS risk genes targeted by the EBV protein EBNA-2 precedes MS attacks, linking EBV reactivation and genetic risk to the development of MS relapses.

Nature Medicine, Published online: 16 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04625-xIn a prospective study involving 1,785 individuals from four countries, the PANXEON exosome-based biomarker, combined with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels, achieves high sensitivity for the detection of early-stage pancreatic cancer.

Nature Medicine, Published online: 16 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04636-8In this single-arm phase 1 trial, an AAV gene therapy carrying the Padua variant of factor IX was well tolerated in 11 adolescents with hemophilia B and led to reductions in annualized bleeding rate.

Nature Medicine, Published online: 16 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04662-6Sex-specific biological aging clocks across multiple organs and molecular systems show that female and male aging patterns can differ in organ-specific, disease-relevant ways.

Nature Medicine, Published online: 15 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04609-xAn autonomous clinical AI agent enhances decision-making through on-premise deployment and reliability metrics, achieving high diagnostic accuracy and selective autonomy.

Nature Medicine, Published online: 15 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04644-8In the phase 2 RIO trial, there was delayed viral rebound and resistance to broadly neutralizing antibodies 3BNC117-LS and 10-1074-LS in adult males living with HIV undergoing analytical treatment interruption, and initial reservoir sensitivity to autologous antibodies was associated with a longer time to rebound.