arXiv:2604.01878v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spectral graph contrastive learning has emerged as a unified paradigm for handling both homophilic and heterophilic graphs by leveraging high-frequency components. However, we identify a fundamental spectral dilemma: while high-frequency signals are indispensable for encoding heterophily, our theoretical analysis proves they exhibit significantly higher variance under spectrally concentrated perturbations. We derive a regret lower bound showing that existing global (node-agnostic) spectral fusion is provably sub-optimal: on mixed graphs with separated node-wise frequency preferences, any global fusion strategy incurs non-vanishing regret relative to a node-wise oracle. To escape this bound, we propose ASPECT, a framework that resolves this dilemma through a reliability-aware spectral gating mechanism. Formulated as a minimax game, ASPECT employs a node-wise gate that dynamically re-weights frequency channels based on their stability against a purpose-built adversary, which explicitly targets spectral energy distributions via a Rayleigh quotient penalty. This design forces the encoder to learn representations that are both structurally discriminative and spectrally robust. Empirical results show that ASPECT achieves new state-of-the-art performance on 8 out of 9 benchmarks, effectively decoupling meaningful structural heterophily from incidental noise.

arXiv:2602.14201v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The "thinking-with-images" paradigm enables multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to actively explore visual scenes via zoom-in tools. This is essential for ultra-high-resolution (UHR) remote sensing VQA, where task-relevant cues are sparse and tiny. However, we observe a consistent failure mode in existing zoom-enabled MLLMs: Tool Usage Homogenization, where tool calls collapse into task-agnostic patterns, limiting effective evidence acquisition. To address this, we propose GeoEyes, a staged training framework consisting of (1) a cold-start SFT dataset, UHR Chain-of-Zoom (UHR-CoZ), which covers diverse zooming regimes, and (2) an agentic reinforcement learning method, AdaZoom-GRPO, that explicitly rewards evidence gain and answer improvement during zoom interactions. The resulting model learns on-demand zooming with proper stopping behavior and achieves substantial improvements on UHR remote sensing benchmarks, with 54.23% accuracy on XLRS-Bench.