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PulseMind: A Multi-Modal Medical Model for Real-World Clinical Diagnosis

arXiv:2601.07344v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in medical multi-modal models focus on specialized image analysis like dermatology, pathology, or radiology. However, they do not fully capture the complexity of real-world clinical diagnostics, which involve heterogeneous inputs and require ongoing contextual understanding during patient-physician interactions. To bridge this gap, we introduce PulseMind, a new family of multi-modal diagnostic models that integrates a systematically curated dataset, a comprehensive evaluation benchmark, and a tailored training framework. Specifically, we first construct a diagnostic dataset, MediScope, which comprises 98,000 real-world multi-turn consultations and 601,500 medical images, spanning over 10 major clinical departments and more than 200 sub-specialties. Then, to better reflect the requirements of real-world clinical diagnosis, we develop the PulseMind Benchmark, a multi-turn diagnostic consultation benchmark with a four-dimensional evaluation protocol comprising proactiveness, accuracy, usefulness, and language quality. Finally, we design a training framework tailored for multi-modal clinical diagnostics, centered around a core component named Comparison-based Reinforcement Policy Optimization (CRPO). Compared to absolute score rewards, CRPO uses relative preference signals from multi-dimensional com-parisons to provide stable and human-aligned training guidance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that PulseMind achieves competitive performance on both the diagnostic consultation benchmark and public medical benchmarks.

Molecular characterization of breast cancer and multiple primary malignancies: the latest application using unmarked quantitative proteomics

Int J Surg. 2025 Jul 22. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002999. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among women, and patients presenting with both breast and lung cancer pose significant challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Currently, comprehensive multi-omics analyses for such multiple malignancies are lacking.

METHODS: An integrated multi-omics analysis was performed, incorporating quantitative proteomics and radiomics data from patients with single primary breast cancer as well as those with multiple primary tumors (breast and lung cancer).

RESULTS: Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed four distinct molecular signatures (Types I-IV). Patients with single breast cancer exhibited driving pathways primarily linked to cell proliferation (e.g., HER2), whereas those with multiple breast cancers showed enrichment in ER-related and proliferative pathways. In contrast, patients with multiple lung cancers displayed pathways associated with immune response and immune escape. Additionally, immune subtyping identified three distinct immune landscapes (Types I-III). Radiomic analysis demonstrated strong correlations between these molecular/immune subtypes and imaging findings. Patients with high imaging information scores exhibited pronounced tumor heterogeneity and reduced immune infiltration.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of multiple primary malignancies, particularly breast and lung cancer.

PMID:40694032 | DOI:10.1097/JS9.0000000000002999

Integrated Multi-omics Data Analysis and In Vitro Validation Reveal the Crucial Role of Glycogen Metabolism in Gastric Cancer

J Cancer. 2025 Jan 13;16(4):1243-1263. doi: 10.7150/jca.104424. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Background: This study aimed to investigate glycogen metabolism in gastric cancer (GC) and develop a glycogen-based riskScore model for predicting GC prognosis. Methods: Patients' expression profiles for 33 tumor types were retrieved from TCGA. Four GC bulk and one single-cell sequencing datasets were obtained from GEO database. This study also enrolled a bladder urothelial carcinoma immunotherapeutic IMvigor210 cohort. The ssGSEA method was conducted to assess glycogen biosynthesis and degradation level. Consensus clustering analysis was conducted to identify different clusters. A glycogen riskScore signature was developed to evaluate prognostic value across different cohorts. Besides, in vitro experiments were conducted to further evaluate the role of glycogen metabolism related genes in GC. Results: Both glycogen biosynthesis and degradation were significantly associated with worse overall survival and were also related with malignant phenotype in GC at both bulk and single-cell levels. Differential outcomes and immune functions were verified in the three identified clusters. The constructed glycogen riskScore model accurately classified GC patients with different outcomes, genomic and immune landscape, and performed well in predicting prognosis through external validation, immunotherapy and pan-cancer cohorts. Furthermore, the riskScore could predict response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Functional analyses revealed the signature's connection to pro-tumor and immunosuppression related pathways across pan-cancer. Additionally, glycogen metabolism related genes were found to regulate the malignant phenotypes of GC cells. Conclusion: This study revealed important roles of glycogen metabolism in promoting progression of GC and presented a glycogen riskScore model as a novel tool for predicting prognosis and treatment response.

PMID:39895799 | PMC:PMC11786036 | DOI:10.7150/jca.104424

7-Dehydrocholesterol dictates ferroptosis sensitivity

Nature, Published online: 31 January 2024; doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06983-9

7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) is a natural anti-ferroptotic metabolite and pharmacological manipulation of 7-DHC levels shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for cancer and ischaemia–reperfusion injury.

Detection of ovarian cancer using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly lethal gynecologic cancer, and it is hard to diagnose at an early stage. Clinically, there are no ovarian cancer-specific markers for early detection. Here, we demonstrate the u...
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