Normal view
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Streamlining evidence based clinical recommendations with large language models
arXiv:2505.10282v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Clinical evidence underpins informed healthcare decisions, yet integrating it into real-time practice remains challenging due to intensive workloads, complex procedures, and time constraints. This study presents Quicker, an LLM-powered system that automates evidence synthesis and generates clinical recommendations following standard guideline development workflows. Quicker delivers an end-to-end pipeline from clinical questions to recomm
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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CliCARE: Grounding Large Language Models in Clinical Guidelines for Decision Support over Longitudinal Cancer Electronic Health Records
arXiv:2507.22533v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant promise for improving clinical decision support and reducing physician burnout by synthesizing complex, longitudinal cancer Electronic Health Records (EHRs). However, their implementation in this critical field faces three primary challenges: the inability to effectively process the extensive length and fragmented nature of patient records for accurate temporal analysis; a heightened risk of
CliCARE: Grounding Large Language Models in Clinical Guidelines for Decision Support over Longitudinal Cancer Electronic Health Records
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STAT

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Opinion: The NIH has lost its scientific integrity. So we left
We are National Institutes of Health scientists and administrators with more than 50 years of collective civil service. Or, more accurately, we were NIH scientists and administrators.Read the rest…
Opinion: The NIH has lost its scientific integrity. So we left
We are National Institutes of Health scientists and administrators with more than 50 years of collective civil service.
Or, more accurately, we were NIH scientists and administrators.


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MRD
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Personalizing Treatment for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: The Emerging Role of Minimal Residual Disease in Perioperative Decision-Making
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Dec 27;18(1):94. doi: 10.3390/cancers18010094.ABSTRACTPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor long-term survival despite advances in surgical techniques, systemic therapies, and perioperative management. High rates of systemic recurrence following curative-intent resection suggest that many patients harbor minimal residual disease (MRD), microscopic tumor burden that persists postoperatively and remains undetectable by conventiona
Personalizing Treatment for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: The Emerging Role of Minimal Residual Disease in Perioperative Decision-Making
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Dec 27;18(1):94. doi: 10.3390/cancers18010094.
ABSTRACT
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor long-term survival despite advances in surgical techniques, systemic therapies, and perioperative management. High rates of systemic recurrence following curative-intent resection suggest that many patients harbor minimal residual disease (MRD), microscopic tumor burden that persists postoperatively and remains undetectable by conventional diagnostic tools. Recent advances in liquid biopsy technologies, particularly circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, alongside detailed characterization of the PDAC mutational landscape, offer a promising non-invasive approach for MRD detection. Emerging evidence indicates that MRD status can serve as a sensitive prognostic biomarker, identify patients at high risk of relapse, and guide personalized perioperative therapy, including optimization of adjuvant treatment. This review summarizes current knowledge on the biology and detection of MRD in PDAC, its implications for perioperative risk stratification and treatment decision-making, and discusses future directions for integrating MRD assessment into clinical practice to enable more precise, individualized patient management.
PMID:41514607 | PMC:PMC12784771 | DOI:10.3390/cancers18010094
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AI News
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Autonomy without accountability: The real AI risk
If you have ever taken a self-driving Uber through downtown LA, you might recognise the strange sense of uncertainty that settles in when there is no driver and no conversation, just a quiet car making assumptions about the world around it. The journey feels fine until the car misreads a shadow or slows abruptly for something harmless. In that moment you see the real issue with autonomy. It does not panic when it should, and that gap between confidence and judgement is where trust is either earn
Autonomy without accountability: The real AI risk
If you have ever taken a self-driving Uber through downtown LA, you might recognise the strange sense of uncertainty that settles in when there is no driver and no conversation, just a quiet car making assumptions about the world around it. The journey feels fine until the car misreads a shadow or slows abruptly for something harmless. In that moment you see the real issue with autonomy. It does not panic when it should, and that gap between confidence and judgement is where trust is either earned or lost. Much of today’s enterprise AI feels remarkably similar. It is competent without being confident, and efficient without being empathetic, which is why the deciding factor in every successful deployment is no longer computing power but trust.
The MLQ State of AI in Business 2025 [PDF] report puts a sharp number on this. 95% of early AI pilots fail to produce measurable ROI, not because the technology is weak but because it is mismatched to the problems organisations are trying to solve. The pattern repeats itself in industries. Leaders get uneasy when they can’t tell if the output is right, teams are unsure whether dashboards can be trusted, and customers quickly lose patience when an interaction feels automated rather than supported. Anyone who has been locked out of their bank account while the automated recovery system insists their answers are wrong knows how quickly confidence evaporates.
Klarna remains the most publicised example of large-scale automation in action. The company has now halved its workforce since 2022 and says internal AI systems are performing the work of 853 full-time roles, up from 700 earlier this year. Revenues have risen 108%, while average employee compensation has increased 60%, funded in part by those operational gains. Yet the picture is more complicated. Klarna still reported a 95 million dollar quarterly loss, and its CEO has warned that further staff reductions are likely. It shows that automation alone does not create stability. Without accountability and structure, the experience breaks down long before the AI does. As Jason Roos, CEO of CCaaS provider Cirrus, puts it, “Any transformation that unsettles confidence, inside or outside the business, carries a cost you cannot ignore. it can leave you worse off.”
We have already seen what happens when autonomy runs ahead of accountability. The UK’s Department for Work and Pensions used an algorithm that wrongly flagged around 200,000 housing-benefit claims as potentially fraudulent, even though the majority were legitimate. The problem wasn’t the technology. It was the absence of clear ownership over its decisions. When an automated system suspends the wrong account, rejects the wrong claim or creates unnecessary fear, the issue is never just “why did the model misfire?” It’s “who owns the outcome?” Without that answer, trust becomes fragile.
“The missing step is always readiness,” says Roos. “If the process, the data and the guardrails aren’t in place, autonomy doesn’t accelerate performance, it amplifies the weaknesses. Accountability has to come first. Start with the outcome, find where effort is being wasted, check your readiness and governance, and only then automate. Skip those steps and accountability disappears just as fast as the efficiency gains arrive.”
Part of the problem is an obsession with scale without the grounding that makes scale sustainable. Many organisations push toward autonomous agents that can act decisively, yet very few pause to consider what happens when those actions drift outside expected boundaries. The Edelman Trust Barometer [PDF] shows a steady decline in public trust in AI over the past five years, and a joint KPMG and University of Melbourne study found that workers prefer more human involvement in almost half the tasks examined. The findings reinforce a simple point. Trust rarely comes from pushing models harder. It comes from people taking the time to understand how decisions are made, and from governance that behaves less like a brake pedal and more like a steering wheel.
The same dynamics appear on the customer side. PwC’s trust research reveals a wide gulf between perception and reality. Most executives believe customers trust their organisation, while only a minority of customers agree. Other surveys show that transparency helps to close this gap, with large majorities of consumers wanting clear disclosure when AI is used in service experiences. Without that clarity, people do not feel reassured. They feel misled, and the relationship becomes strained. Companies that communicate openly about their AI use are not only protecting trust but also normalising the idea that technology and human support can co-exist.
Some of the confusion stems from the term “agentic AI” itself. Much of the market treats it as something unpredictable or self-directing, when in reality it is workflow automation with reasoning and recall. It is a structured way for systems to make modest decisions inside parameters designed by people. The deployments that scale safely all follow the same sequence. They start with the outcome they want to improve, then look at where unnecessary effort sits in the workflow, then assess whether their systems and teams are ready for autonomy, and only then choose the technology. Reversing that order does not speed anything up. It simply creates faster mistakes. As Roos says, AI should expand human judgement, not replace it.
All of this points toward a wider truth. Every wave of automation eventually becomes a social question rather than a purely technical one. Amazon built its dominance through operational consistency, but it also built a level of confidence that the parcel would arrive. When that confidence dips, customers move on. AI follows the same pattern. You can deploy sophisticated, self-correcting systems, but if the customer feels tricked or misled at any point, the trust breaks. Internally, the same pressures apply. The KPMG global study [PDF] highlights how quickly employees disengage when they do not understand how decisions are made or who is accountable for them. Without that clarity, adoption stalls.
As agentic systems take on more conversational roles, the emotional dimension becomes even more significant. Early reviews of autonomous chat interactions show that people now judge their experience not only by whether they were helped but also by whether the interaction felt attentive and respectful. A customer who feels dismissed rarely keeps the frustration to themselves. The emotional tone of AI is becoming a genuine operational factor, and systems that cannot meet that expectation risk becoming liabilities.
The difficult truth is that technology will continue to move faster than people’s instinctive comfort with it. Trust will always lag behind innovation. That is not an argument against progress. It is an argument for maturity. Every AI leader should be asking whether they would trust the system with their own data, whether they can explain its last decision in plain language, and who steps in when something goes wrong. If those answers are unclear, the organisation is not leading transformation. It is preparing an apology.
Roos puts it simply, “Agentic AI is not the concern. Unaccountable AI is.”
When trust goes, adoption goes, and the project that looked transformative becomes another entry in the 95% failure rate. Autonomy is not the enemy. Forgetting who is responsible is. The organisations that keep a human hand on the wheel will be the ones still in control when the self-driving hype eventually fades.
The post Autonomy without accountability: The real AI risk appeared first on AI News.
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Nature Medicine
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BCMA-directed mRNA CAR-T cell therapy for myasthenia gravis: exploratory biomarker analysis of a placebo-controlled phase 2b trial
Nature Medicine, Published online: 09 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04170-zAnalysis of a placebo-controlled trial of a BCMA-targeting CAR-T cell therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis shows that CAR-T cell infusion selectively remodels the systemic immune environment, with elimination of BCMA-high plasma cells and activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells and changes in the autoreactive B cell repertoire.
BCMA-directed mRNA CAR-T cell therapy for myasthenia gravis: exploratory biomarker analysis of a placebo-controlled phase 2b trial
Nature Medicine, Published online: 09 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04170-z
Analysis of a placebo-controlled trial of a BCMA-targeting CAR-T cell therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis shows that CAR-T cell infusion selectively remodels the systemic immune environment, with elimination of BCMA-high plasma cells and activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells and changes in the autoreactive B cell repertoire.-
Nature Medicine
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BCMA-directed mRNA CAR T cell therapy for myasthenia gravis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial
Nature Medicine, Published online: 09 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04171-yIn a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing autologous mRNA-engineered BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy versus placebo in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis, a significantly higher percentage of patients exhibited a reduction in disease activity in the treatment arm than in the placebo arm.
BCMA-directed mRNA CAR T cell therapy for myasthenia gravis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial
Nature Medicine, Published online: 09 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04171-y
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing autologous mRNA-engineered BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy versus placebo in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis, a significantly higher percentage of patients exhibited a reduction in disease activity in the treatment arm than in the placebo arm.-
cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Sci-Reasoning: A Dataset Decoding AI Innovation Patterns
arXiv:2601.04577v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While AI innovation accelerates rapidly, the intellectual process behind breakthroughs -- how researchers identify gaps, synthesize prior work, and generate insights -- remains poorly understood. The lack of structured data on scientific reasoning hinders systematic analysis and development of AI research agents. We introduce Sci-Reasoning, the first dataset capturing the intellectual synthesis behind high-quality AI research. Using community-vali
Sci-Reasoning: A Dataset Decoding AI Innovation Patterns
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Beyond Monolithic Architectures: A Multi-Agent Search and Knowledge Optimization Framework for Agentic Search
arXiv:2601.04703v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agentic search has emerged as a promising paradigm for complex information seeking by enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to interleave reasoning with tool use. However, prevailing systems rely on monolithic agents that suffer from structural bottlenecks, including unconstrained reasoning outputs that inflate trajectories, sparse outcome-level rewards that complicate credit assignment, and stochastic search noise that destabilizes learning. To a
Beyond Monolithic Architectures: A Multi-Agent Search and Knowledge Optimization Framework for Agentic Search
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Decision-Aware Trust Signal Alignment for SOC Alert Triage
arXiv:2601.04486v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Detection systems that utilize machine learning are progressively implemented at Security Operations Centers (SOCs) to help an analyst to filter through high volumes of security alerts. Practically, such systems tend to reveal probabilistic results or confidence scores which are ill-calibrated and hard to read when under pressure. Qualitative and survey based studies of SOC practice done before reveal that poor alert quality and alert overload g
Decision-Aware Trust Signal Alignment for SOC Alert Triage
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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PILOT-Bench: A Benchmark for Legal Reasoning in the Patent Domain with IRAC-Aligned Classification Tasks
arXiv:2601.04758v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) of the USPTO adjudicates thousands of ex parte appeals each year, requiring the integration of technical understanding and legal reasoning. While large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in patent and legal practice, their use has remained limited to lightweight tasks, with no established means of systematically evaluating their capacity for structured legal reasoning in the patent domain. In
PILOT-Bench: A Benchmark for Legal Reasoning in the Patent Domain with IRAC-Aligned Classification Tasks
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Smart IoT-Based Wearable Device for Detection and Monitoring of Common Cow Diseases Using a Novel Machine Learning Technique
arXiv:2601.04761v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Manual observation and monitoring of individual cows for disease detection present significant challenges in large-scale farming operations, as the process is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to reduced accuracy. The reliance on human observation often leads to delays in identifying symptoms, as the sheer number of animals can hinder timely attention to each cow. Consequently, the accuracy and precision of disease detection are signifi
Smart IoT-Based Wearable Device for Detection and Monitoring of Common Cow Diseases Using a Novel Machine Learning Technique
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Belief in Authority: Impact of Authority in Multi-Agent Evaluation Framework
arXiv:2601.04790v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-agent systems utilizing large language models often assign authoritative roles to improve performance, yet the impact of authority bias on agent interactions remains underexplored. We present the first systematic analysis of role-based authority bias in free-form multi-agent evaluation using ChatEval. Applying French and Raven's power-based theory, we classify authoritative roles into legitimate, referent, and expert types and analyze thei
Belief in Authority: Impact of Authority in Multi-Agent Evaluation Framework
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Atlas 2 -- Foundation models for clinical deployment
arXiv:2601.05148v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Pathology foundation models substantially advanced the possibilities in computational pathology -- yet tradeoffs in terms of performance, robustness, and computational requirements remained, which limited their clinical deployment. In this report, we present Atlas 2, Atlas 2-B, and Atlas 2-S, three pathology vision foundation models which bridge these shortcomings by showing state-of-the-art performance in prediction performance, robustness, and
Atlas 2 -- Foundation models for clinical deployment
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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PsychEval: A Multi-Session and Multi-Therapy Benchmark for High-Realism AI Psychological Counselor
arXiv:2601.01802v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: To develop a reliable AI for psychological assessment, we introduce \texttt{PsychEval}, a multi-session, multi-therapy, and highly realistic benchmark designed to address three key challenges: \textbf{1) Can we train a highly realistic AI counselor?} Realistic counseling is a longitudinal task requiring sustained memory and dynamic goal tracking. We propose a multi-session benchmark (spanning 6-10 sessions across three distinct stages) that de
PsychEval: A Multi-Session and Multi-Therapy Benchmark for High-Realism AI Psychological Counselor
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Journal of Medical Internet Research
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Developing an AI-Assisted Tool That Identifies Patients With Multimorbidity and Complex Polypharmacy to Improve the Process of Medication Reviews: Qualitative Interview and Focus Group Study
Background: Structured medication reviews (SMRs) are an essential component of medication optimization, especially for patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. However, the process remains challenging due to the complexities of patient data, time constraints, and the need for coordination among health care professionals (HCPs). This study explores HCPs’ perspectives on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI)–assisted tools to enhance the SMR process, with a focus on the potential b
Developing an AI-Assisted Tool That Identifies Patients With Multimorbidity and Complex Polypharmacy to Improve the Process of Medication Reviews: Qualitative Interview and Focus Group Study
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Journal of Medical Internet Research
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Intervention in Health Misinformation Using Large Language Models for Automated Detection, Thematic Analysis, and Inoculation: Case Study on COVID-19
Background: The rapid growth of social media as an information channel has enabled the swift spread of inaccurate or false health information, significantly impacting public health. This widespread dissemination of misinformation has caused confusion, eroded trust in health authorities, led to noncompliance with health guidelines, and encouraged risky health behaviors. Understanding the dynamics of misinformation on social media is essential for devising effective public health communication str
Intervention in Health Misinformation Using Large Language Models for Automated Detection, Thematic Analysis, and Inoculation: Case Study on COVID-19
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STAT

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Medicaid restrictions may lead to a million missed cancer screenings over two years: study
In less than a year, new Medicaid eligibility restrictions may lead millions of people to lose coverage and then miss potentially lifesaving cancer screenings like colonoscopies or mammograms. A new analysis estimates that Americans may miss more than a million cancer screenings for colorectal, breast, or lung cancer over the two years after the new policy takes effect. “I see patients every day that come to me with cancer and are asymptomatic, but their life gets turned upside down because t
Medicaid restrictions may lead to a million missed cancer screenings over two years: study
In less than a year, new Medicaid eligibility restrictions may lead millions of people to lose coverage and then miss potentially lifesaving cancer screenings like colonoscopies or mammograms. A new analysis estimates that Americans may miss more than a million cancer screenings for colorectal, breast, or lung cancer over the two years after the new policy takes effect.
“I see patients every day that come to me with cancer and are asymptomatic, but their life gets turned upside down because they are told they have cancer,” said Adrian Diaz, a surgical oncologist at the University of Chicago and one of the authors on the paper, published Thursday in JAMA Oncology. “In a positive way, we catch it early. It’s potentially treatable, curable. Seeing that number, over a million patients, who will not have that opportunity — I was taken aback.”


© ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP via Getty Images
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Journal of Medical Internet Research
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A Web-Based Cancer Prevention Intervention for Rural Emerging Adults: Mixed Methods Development and Pilot-Testing Study
Background: The rapid growth of user-generated web-based health information increases the complexity of cancer information seeking. One promising strategy for promoting high-quality cancer information consumption is through targeted interventions that are intentionally designed to reach individuals in the web-based spaces they occupy. However, there is a paucity of evidence-based information on the best strategies for designing and implementing web-based health behavior change interventions to i
A Web-Based Cancer Prevention Intervention for Rural Emerging Adults: Mixed Methods Development and Pilot-Testing Study
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(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Lung OR gastric OR Hepatocellular)
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Leveraging Genetic Instrumental Variables and Sequencing Analysis to Identify a Prognostic Signature Based on Epithelial Cell Markers in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Thorac Cancer. 2026 Jan;17(1):e70244. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.70244.ABSTRACTMAIN PROBLEM: The treatment and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain challenging. The study aimed to identify prognostic genes and construct a prognostic model for LUAD.METHODS: After identifying malignant alveolar type II (AT2) cells using InferCNV, we applied CytoTRACE, pseudo-time analysis, Mendelian randomization (MR), and univariate Cox regression analysis to identify prognostic genes. A prognostic model wa
Leveraging Genetic Instrumental Variables and Sequencing Analysis to Identify a Prognostic Signature Based on Epithelial Cell Markers in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Thorac Cancer. 2026 Jan;17(1):e70244. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.70244.
ABSTRACT
MAIN PROBLEM: The treatment and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain challenging. The study aimed to identify prognostic genes and construct a prognostic model for LUAD.
METHODS: After identifying malignant alveolar type II (AT2) cells using InferCNV, we applied CytoTRACE, pseudo-time analysis, Mendelian randomization (MR), and univariate Cox regression analysis to identify prognostic genes. A prognostic model was then developed using an optimized subset of these genes, selected through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. Further analyses included Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network.
RESULTS: Pseudo-time analysis identified 3526 dynamically expressed genes during malignant AT2 cell dedifferentiation. Subsequent multi-omics integration refined the gene selection, yielding four prognostic genes for the final predictive model. The resulting model achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values of 0.649, 0.675, and 0.654 for predicting 1, 2, and 3-year overall survival (OS) in the training set, respectively, and was successfully validated in two external cohorts at the corresponding time points. Moreover, survival analysis demonstrated that patients in the high-risk group had significantly poorer OS than those in the low-risk group, both in the training set and the validation sets (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: The study developed a novel signature based on genes dynamically expressed during malignant AT2 cell dedifferentiation, capable of predicting the prognosis of LUAD patients, and offered four accurate prognostic biomarkers (ADM, MARK4, PARVA, and RPS6KA1).
PMID:41500831 | DOI:10.1111/1759-7714.70244