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Incorporating LLM Embeddings for Variation Across the Human Genome

arXiv:2509.20702v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent advances in large language model (LLM) embeddings have enabled powerful representations for biological data, but most applications to date focus on gene-level information. We present one of the first systematic frameworks to generate genetic variant-level embeddings across the entire human genome. Using curated annotations from FAVOR, ClinVar, and the GWAS Catalog, we construct functional text descriptions for 8.9 billion possible variants and generated embeddings at three scales: 1.5 million HapMap3/MEGA variants, 90 million imputed UK Biobank (UKB) variants, and 9 billion all possible variants. Embeddings were produced using general purpose models including both OpenAI's text-embedding-3-large and the open-source Qwen3-Embedding-0.6B models. Baseline quality control experiments demonstrate high predictive accuracy for variant-level properties, validating the embeddings as structured representations of genomic variation. We further apply them to real-world embedding-augmented genetic risk predictions that demonstrate the performance of using LLM embeddings in polygenic risk score (PRS) style predictions over the UK Biobank cohort data. These resources, publicly available on Hugging Face, provide a foundation for advancing large-scale genomic discovery and precision medicine.

Does Semantic Noise Initialization Transfer from Images to Videos? A Paired Diagnostic Study

arXiv:2603.06672v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Semantic noise initialization has been reported to improve robustness and controllability in image diffusion models. Whether these gains transfer to text-to-video (T2V) generation remains unclear, since temporal coupling can introduce extra degrees of freedom and instability. We benchmark semantic noise initialization against standard Gaussian noise using a frozen VideoCrafter-style T2V diffusion backbone and VBench on 100 prompts. Using prompt-level paired tests with bootstrap confidence intervals and a sign-flip permutation test, we observe a small positive trend on temporal-related dimensions; however, the 95 percent confidence interval includes zero (p ~ 0.17) and the overall score remains on par with the baseline. To understand this outcome, we analyze the induced perturbations in noise space and find patterns consistent with weak or unstable signal. We recommend prompt-level paired evaluation and noise-space diagnostics as standard practice when studying initialization schemes for T2V diffusion.
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