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mRNA vaccines engage unconventional pathways in CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell priming

Nature, Published online: 15 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10353-6

mRNA–lipid-nanoparticle vaccines do not require type 1 conventional dendritic (cDC1) cells or the WDFY4-dependent cross-presentation pathway for CD8+ T cell priming but, instead, engage both cDC1 and cDC2 cells redundantly.
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