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Received β€” 2 April 2026 ⏭

The neonatal lung microbiome: a dynamic determinant of respiratory health, disease, and novel therapeutics

βœ‡Omics In Lung
By: Wanwei Zheng Β· Yan Liang Β· Jiayao Li
1 April 2026 at 18:00

Front Pediatr. 2026 Mar 16;14:1770578. doi: 10.3389/fped.2026.1770578. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

The neonatal lung, once considered sterile, is now recognized to harbor a dynamic and complex microbiome that plays a critical role in respiratory health and disease. This review synthesizes current evidence on the composition, development, and functional impact of the lung microbiome in neonates, with a focus on its involvement in key respiratory disorders such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respiratory syncytial virus infection, neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and asthma predisposition. We place particular emphasis on the bidirectional communication along the gut-lung axis as a central mechanism, wherein intestinal microbiota and their metabolites modulate pulmonary immunity and inflammation. Emerging multi-omics studies that integrate microbial data with host metabolomic and immune profiles are highlighted for their role in deciphering disease-specific dysbiotic signatures and mechanistic pathways. Critically, this review advances the discussion beyond association by evaluating the translational potential of the microbiome as both a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target. We provide a critical appraisal of innovative microbiome-targeted strategies-including probiotics, postbiotics, phage therapy, and bacterial lysates-and discuss the unique challenges and future directions for translating these approaches into safe, effective clinical interventions for vulnerable neonates. By bridging foundational science with clinical implications, this work aims to inform the development of novel, ecology-informed therapeutics to prevent and mitigate neonatal respiratory diseases.

PMID:41918694 | PMC:PMC13033698 | DOI:10.3389/fped.2026.1770578

The neonatal lung microbiome: a dynamic determinant of respiratory health, disease, and novel therapeutics

βœ‡(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Lung OR gastric OR Hepatocellular)
By: Wanwei Zheng Β· Yan Liang Β· Jiayao Li
1 April 2026 at 18:00

Front Pediatr. 2026 Mar 16;14:1770578. doi: 10.3389/fped.2026.1770578. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

The neonatal lung, once considered sterile, is now recognized to harbor a dynamic and complex microbiome that plays a critical role in respiratory health and disease. This review synthesizes current evidence on the composition, development, and functional impact of the lung microbiome in neonates, with a focus on its involvement in key respiratory disorders such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respiratory syncytial virus infection, neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and asthma predisposition. We place particular emphasis on the bidirectional communication along the gut-lung axis as a central mechanism, wherein intestinal microbiota and their metabolites modulate pulmonary immunity and inflammation. Emerging multi-omics studies that integrate microbial data with host metabolomic and immune profiles are highlighted for their role in deciphering disease-specific dysbiotic signatures and mechanistic pathways. Critically, this review advances the discussion beyond association by evaluating the translational potential of the microbiome as both a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target. We provide a critical appraisal of innovative microbiome-targeted strategies-including probiotics, postbiotics, phage therapy, and bacterial lysates-and discuss the unique challenges and future directions for translating these approaches into safe, effective clinical interventions for vulnerable neonates. By bridging foundational science with clinical implications, this work aims to inform the development of novel, ecology-informed therapeutics to prevent and mitigate neonatal respiratory diseases.

PMID:41918694 | PMC:PMC13033698 | DOI:10.3389/fped.2026.1770578

Received β€” 17 February 2026 ⏭

Two-Stream Interactive Joint Learning of Scene Parsing and Geometric Vision Tasks

βœ‡cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
By: Guanfeng Tang Β· Hongbo Zhao Β· Ziwei Long Β· Jiayao Li Β· Bohong Xiao Β· Wei Ye Β· Hanli Wang Β· Rui Fan
17 February 2026 at 13:00
arXiv:2602.13588v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Inspired by the human visual system, which operates on two parallel yet interactive streams for contextual and spatial understanding, this article presents Two Interactive Streams (TwInS), a novel bio-inspired joint learning framework capable of simultaneously performing scene parsing and geometric vision tasks. TwInS adopts a unified, general-purpose architecture in which multi-level contextual features from the scene parsing stream are infused into the geometric vision stream to guide its iterative refinement. In the reverse direction, decoded geometric features are projected into the contextual feature space for selective heterogeneous feature fusion via a novel cross-task adapter, which leverages rich cross-view geometric cues to enhance scene parsing. To eliminate the dependence on costly human-annotated correspondence ground truth, TwInS is further equipped with a tailored semi-supervised training strategy, which unleashes the potential of large-scale multi-view data and enables continuous self-evolution without requiring ground-truth correspondences. Extensive experiments conducted on three public datasets validate the effectiveness of TwInS's core components and demonstrate its superior performance over existing state-of-the-art approaches. The source code will be made publicly available upon publication.
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