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Dysregulated proline metabolism contributes to retinal fibrosis in neovascular AMD: Therapeutic potential of prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibition

Subretinal fibrosis causes irreversible vision loss in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study shows that proline metabolism, particularly P4HA1-mediated proline hydroxylation, is activated in JR5558 mice and human AMD tissues. Diethyl pythiDC reduced collagen turnover and fibrovascular lesion expansion, with potential added benefit when combined with aflibercept.

AVBench: Human-Aligned and Automated Evaluation Benchmark for Audio-Video Generative Models

arXiv:2605.24652v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Rapid advances in audio-video (AV) generation have enabled high-fidelity synthesis with synchronized sound, particularly for human-related scenarios involving speech and interactions. Yet evaluation for AV generation remains at an early stage, with only a few coarse-grained benchmarks for human-related scenarios and relying on limited preset evaluations with generic multimodal LLMs, leading to inaccurate assessments of model capabilities. To address these issues, we introduce AVBench, a fully automated benchmark tailored for human-centric AV generation. AVBench is built on two key designs for comprehensive and accurate evaluation: (i) Human-centric and fine-grained metrics. AVBench integrates ten evaluation dimensions designed for human-centered real-world scenarios, covering visual quality, audio quality, and multi-level consistency across modalities. These practical metrics capture human-related details that existing benchmarks often overlook. (ii) Specialized evaluators via preference learning. To address the lack of specialized training data, we construct large-scale supervision by transforming real-world videos into diverse training pairs with controlled perturbations. After fine-tuning on this high-quality dataset, the evaluators learn to reliably detect subtle cross-modal inconsistencies. Crucially, instead of producing discrete textual judgment, AVBench derives continuous evaluation scores from the model's prediction confidence on binary decisions. This probabilistic scoring mechanism enables a more reliable assessment than traditional VQA-style evaluation and aligns closely with human judgment. Taken together, AVBench offers automated evaluation for AV generation, demonstrates strong potential for data filtering, and serves as a differentiable reward signal for Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF).

Divergent urban storm response to convective, frontal and tropical systems

Nature, Published online: 20 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10479-7

Analysis of five types of warm-season storms in Texas using three-dimensional radar reflectivity data shows that urbanization can influence storm frequency, intensity, or vertical distribution, depending on the storm type.

Transplantation of encapsulated mitochondria alleviates dysfunction in mitochondrial and Parkinson’s disease models

A mitochondrial transplantation approach rescues mitochondrial deficiency and prevents mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, Leigh syndrome, and Parkinson’s disease in cellular and mouse models.
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