Normal view
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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AsyncFlow: An Asynchronous Streaming RL Framework for Efficient LLM Post-Training
arXiv:2507.01663v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a pivotal technology in the post-training phase of large language models (LLMs). Traditional task-collocated RL frameworks suffer from significant scalability bottlenecks, while task-separated RL frameworks face challenges in managing complex dataflows and resolving resource idling. Furthermore, most existing frameworks are tightly coupled with LLM training or inference engines, making them difficul
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Omics in Gastric
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Multi-Omics-Enabled Precision Strategies for Overcoming CAR-T Therapy Limitations in Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Biofactors. 2026 Sep-Oct;52(5):e70150. doi: 10.1002/biof.70150.ABSTRACTGastrointestinal malignancies, including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, remain major causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its efficacy in gastrointestinal solid tumors remains limited by antigen heterogeneity, insuffic
Multi-Omics-Enabled Precision Strategies for Overcoming CAR-T Therapy Limitations in Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Biofactors. 2026 Sep-Oct;52(5):e70150. doi: 10.1002/biof.70150.
ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal malignancies, including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, remain major causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its efficacy in gastrointestinal solid tumors remains limited by antigen heterogeneity, insufficient trafficking and infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, on-target off-tumor toxicity, and adaptive resistance. In this review, we summarize the current landscape of CAR-T therapy in gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer, with a focus on representative target antigens and emerging biomarker strategies. We further discuss two major categories of biomarkers: target antigen-related biomarkers and conventional dynamic biomarkers, including serum tumor markers, cytokine changes, CAR-T expansion kinetics, and antigen-loss monitoring. In addition, we highlight how single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing and spatial transcriptomics provide complementary insights into cellular states, immune exhaustion, stromal barriers, and spatially restricted immune exclusion. By integrating these multi-omics approaches with biomarker-guided patient stratification and next-generation CAR-T engineering, gastrointestinal solid tumor CAR-T therapy may evolve from empirical optimization toward mechanism-driven and precision-guided clinical translation.
PMID:42717494 | PMC:PMC13558850 | DOI:10.1002/biof.70150
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Omics in Hepatocellular
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Multi-Omics-Enabled Precision Strategies for Overcoming CAR-T Therapy Limitations in Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Biofactors. 2026 Sep-Oct;52(5):e70150. doi: 10.1002/biof.70150.ABSTRACTGastrointestinal malignancies, including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, remain major causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its efficacy in gastrointestinal solid tumors remains limited by antigen heterogeneity, insuffic
Multi-Omics-Enabled Precision Strategies for Overcoming CAR-T Therapy Limitations in Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Biofactors. 2026 Sep-Oct;52(5):e70150. doi: 10.1002/biof.70150.
ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal malignancies, including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, remain major causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its efficacy in gastrointestinal solid tumors remains limited by antigen heterogeneity, insufficient trafficking and infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, on-target off-tumor toxicity, and adaptive resistance. In this review, we summarize the current landscape of CAR-T therapy in gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer, with a focus on representative target antigens and emerging biomarker strategies. We further discuss two major categories of biomarkers: target antigen-related biomarkers and conventional dynamic biomarkers, including serum tumor markers, cytokine changes, CAR-T expansion kinetics, and antigen-loss monitoring. In addition, we highlight how single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing and spatial transcriptomics provide complementary insights into cellular states, immune exhaustion, stromal barriers, and spatially restricted immune exclusion. By integrating these multi-omics approaches with biomarker-guided patient stratification and next-generation CAR-T engineering, gastrointestinal solid tumor CAR-T therapy may evolve from empirical optimization toward mechanism-driven and precision-guided clinical translation.
PMID:42717494 | PMC:PMC13558850 | DOI:10.1002/biof.70150
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(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Pancreatic)
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Multi-Omics-Enabled Precision Strategies for Overcoming CAR-T Therapy Limitations in Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Biofactors. 2026 Sep-Oct;52(5):e70150. doi: 10.1002/biof.70150.ABSTRACTGastrointestinal malignancies, including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, remain major causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its efficacy in gastrointestinal solid tumors remains limited by antigen heterogeneity, insuffic
Multi-Omics-Enabled Precision Strategies for Overcoming CAR-T Therapy Limitations in Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Biofactors. 2026 Sep-Oct;52(5):e70150. doi: 10.1002/biof.70150.
ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal malignancies, including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, remain major causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its efficacy in gastrointestinal solid tumors remains limited by antigen heterogeneity, insufficient trafficking and infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, on-target off-tumor toxicity, and adaptive resistance. In this review, we summarize the current landscape of CAR-T therapy in gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer, with a focus on representative target antigens and emerging biomarker strategies. We further discuss two major categories of biomarkers: target antigen-related biomarkers and conventional dynamic biomarkers, including serum tumor markers, cytokine changes, CAR-T expansion kinetics, and antigen-loss monitoring. In addition, we highlight how single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing and spatial transcriptomics provide complementary insights into cellular states, immune exhaustion, stromal barriers, and spatially restricted immune exclusion. By integrating these multi-omics approaches with biomarker-guided patient stratification and next-generation CAR-T engineering, gastrointestinal solid tumor CAR-T therapy may evolve from empirical optimization toward mechanism-driven and precision-guided clinical translation.
PMID:42717494 | PMC:PMC13558850 | DOI:10.1002/biof.70150
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Selective Test-Time Compute Scaling for Click-Through Rate Prediction via Uncertainty-Triggered Feature Path Exploration
arXiv:2605.24989v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scaling test-time compute has proven highly effective for language models, yet this opportunity remains largely unexplored for industrial Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction. CTR models suffer from a fundamental asymmetry: feature combinations well-represented in training yield confident predictions, while sparsely observed ones produce unreliable outputs. Existing training-phase solutions such as adaptive gating learn a fixed selection function
Selective Test-Time Compute Scaling for Click-Through Rate Prediction via Uncertainty-Triggered Feature Path Exploration
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AAAS: Table of Contents
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Observation of quantum vortex core fractionalization and skyrmion formation in a superconductor
Science, Ahead of Print.
Observation of quantum vortex core fractionalization and skyrmion formation in a superconductor
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Omics in Gastric
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FDX1 as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer
Clin Exp Med. 2026 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s10238-026-02160-0. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe prognostic values of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis (GCLM), especially in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), remain unclear. We analyzed the expression, mutation, immunity, drug sensitivity, and prognostic value of CRGs in GCLM using TCGA and GEO cohorts. Consensus clustering was performed to identify CRG subtypes, with differences characterized by m
FDX1 as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer
Clin Exp Med. 2026 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s10238-026-02160-0. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
The prognostic values of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis (GCLM), especially in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), remain unclear. We analyzed the expression, mutation, immunity, drug sensitivity, and prognostic value of CRGs in GCLM using TCGA and GEO cohorts. Consensus clustering was performed to identify CRG subtypes, with differences characterized by multi-omics analysis. A CRG-based prognostic risk score and immune score were constructed for individualized assessment, and the role of CRGs was validated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Consensus clustering revealed that CRGs were significantly enriched in biological processes related to mitosis and energy metabolism, as well as in immune-related and cancer-associated pathways. Four distinct CRG subtypes were identified, showing marked differences in expression profiles, prognosis, genetic alterations, TIME, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. We developed an exploratory CRG-based prognostic risk score for preliminary individualized assessment, and the functional relevance of CRGs in GCLM was further validated through in vitro experiments. Among these, FDX1, LIAS, DLAT, MTF1, and GLS were identified as key determinants of overall survival in patients with GCLM, with FDX1 emerging as a potential independent prognostic factor. Notably, upregulation of FDX1 significantly suppressed lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer cells in a mouse popliteal lymph node metastasis model. Our data uncovers FDX1 might be a potential favorable prognostic factors in GCLM patients. These findings may improve our understanding of CRGs in GCLM and provide new in-sights for assessing prognosis and developing more effective treatment strategies.
PMID:42107026 | DOI:10.1007/s10238-026-02160-0
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(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Lung OR gastric OR Hepatocellular)
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Characterization and regulatory mechanism evaluation of C8orf33 in hepatocellular carcinoma through multiomics profiling
Discov Oncol. 2026 Apr 11. doi: 10.1007/s12672-026-04951-z. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Chromosome 8 open reading frame 33 (C8orf33) has been noted as a potential oncogenic factor in several cancers, but its biological roles and regulatory mechanism in HCC microenvironment remain unknown.METHODS: We integrated bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and spatial transcriptomics (ST) to
Characterization and regulatory mechanism evaluation of C8orf33 in hepatocellular carcinoma through multiomics profiling
Discov Oncol. 2026 Apr 11. doi: 10.1007/s12672-026-04951-z. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Chromosome 8 open reading frame 33 (C8orf33) has been noted as a potential oncogenic factor in several cancers, but its biological roles and regulatory mechanism in HCC microenvironment remain unknown.
METHODS: We integrated bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and spatial transcriptomics (ST) to characterize the expression landscape of C8orf33. We then performed C8orf33 loss-of-function studies in HCC cell lines, including in vitro phenotypic assays and subcutaneous xenografts.
RESULTS: C8orf33 was broadly overexpressed and associated with unfavorable prognosis across multiple Cancers. In HCC, higher C8orf33 aligned with advanced stage and shorter overall survival. C8orf33 knockdown reduced proliferation and migration, impaired tumorigenic capacity, and increased apoptosis. ScRNA-seq analyses identified a malignant population of Epi3 with high C8orf33 expression. Cell-cell communication analysis suggested that C8orf33-high Epi3 state was associated with an enriched MIF-CD74/CXCR4/CD44 signaling program toward macrophage populations with M2-like features. ST analyses further confirmed the colocalization of C8orf33 with malignant features in tumor cores. In Huh7 cells, C8orf33 knockdown was accompanied by reduced mRNA and protein levels of MIF and its receptor components. Consistently, xenografts derived from C8orf33-silenced cells showed lower expression of these MIF-axis components and reduced infiltration of CD163 and CD206-positive macrophages.
CONCLUSION: These results support a tumor-promoting association of C8orf33 in HCC and suggest a potential link to macrophage-associated immunomodulatory features, nominating C8orf33 as a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target.
PMID:41965457 | DOI:10.1007/s12672-026-04951-z
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Omics in Hepatocellular
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Characterization and regulatory mechanism evaluation of C8orf33 in hepatocellular carcinoma through multiomics profiling
Discov Oncol. 2026 Apr 11. doi: 10.1007/s12672-026-04951-z. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Chromosome 8 open reading frame 33 (C8orf33) has been noted as a potential oncogenic factor in several cancers, but its biological roles and regulatory mechanism in HCC microenvironment remain unknown.METHODS: We integrated bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and spatial transcriptomics (ST) to
Characterization and regulatory mechanism evaluation of C8orf33 in hepatocellular carcinoma through multiomics profiling
Discov Oncol. 2026 Apr 11. doi: 10.1007/s12672-026-04951-z. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Chromosome 8 open reading frame 33 (C8orf33) has been noted as a potential oncogenic factor in several cancers, but its biological roles and regulatory mechanism in HCC microenvironment remain unknown.
METHODS: We integrated bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and spatial transcriptomics (ST) to characterize the expression landscape of C8orf33. We then performed C8orf33 loss-of-function studies in HCC cell lines, including in vitro phenotypic assays and subcutaneous xenografts.
RESULTS: C8orf33 was broadly overexpressed and associated with unfavorable prognosis across multiple Cancers. In HCC, higher C8orf33 aligned with advanced stage and shorter overall survival. C8orf33 knockdown reduced proliferation and migration, impaired tumorigenic capacity, and increased apoptosis. ScRNA-seq analyses identified a malignant population of Epi3 with high C8orf33 expression. Cell-cell communication analysis suggested that C8orf33-high Epi3 state was associated with an enriched MIF-CD74/CXCR4/CD44 signaling program toward macrophage populations with M2-like features. ST analyses further confirmed the colocalization of C8orf33 with malignant features in tumor cores. In Huh7 cells, C8orf33 knockdown was accompanied by reduced mRNA and protein levels of MIF and its receptor components. Consistently, xenografts derived from C8orf33-silenced cells showed lower expression of these MIF-axis components and reduced infiltration of CD163 and CD206-positive macrophages.
CONCLUSION: These results support a tumor-promoting association of C8orf33 in HCC and suggest a potential link to macrophage-associated immunomodulatory features, nominating C8orf33 as a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target.
PMID:41965457 | DOI:10.1007/s12672-026-04951-z
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(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Lung OR gastric OR Hepatocellular)
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A Data-driven Approach for Biomarker Discovery based on U-centered Distance Correlation Network: Multi-omics Warning Signals for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2026 Mar 27. doi: 10.2174/0113862073445368260131002109. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cases. Alterations in metabolic activities play important roles in NSCLC development, wherein related genes and metabolites interact with each other, involving multiple forms.METHODS: To comprehensively understand th
A Data-driven Approach for Biomarker Discovery based on U-centered Distance Correlation Network: Multi-omics Warning Signals for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2026 Mar 27. doi: 10.2174/0113862073445368260131002109. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cases. Alterations in metabolic activities play important roles in NSCLC development, wherein related genes and metabolites interact with each other, involving multiple forms.
METHODS: To comprehensively understand the pathogenic mechanisms and improve the performance of clinical early, precise diagnosis, this study proposed a data-driven approach for biomarker discovery based on U-centered distance correlation network (DCN) to investigate NSCLC metabolism-related reactions. In DCN, changes in molecular relationships during NSCLC initiation and progression are measured using the t-statistics of U-centered distance correlation for network construction, in which prospective warning signals representing NSCLC onset can be identified without human intervention. Additionally, the network construction criterion in DCN can precisely and effectively capture both linear and nonlinear molecular relationships in simple and biologically relevant manners.
RESULTS: DCN was successfully employed to analyze NSCLC metabolism-related metabolomics and genomics datasets. Statistical analyses confirmed that compared with other algorithms, the gene and metabolite biomarker panels identified by DCN provided more reliable diagnostic capabilities for clinical NSCLC detection. Biological analyses revealed that disturbed energy metabolism and lipid metabolism occurred during tumor cell proliferation and growth in NSCLC patients.
DISCUSSION: The gene ASPA and metabolite aspartic acid were significantly decreased in NSCLC samples, suggesting that the corresponding amino acid metabolic activities were intricately linked to NSCLC progression.
CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that DCN can further facilitate NSCLC studies to improve clinical outcomes in patients.
PMID:41937706 | DOI:10.2174/0113862073445368260131002109
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Omics In Lung
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A Data-driven Approach for Biomarker Discovery based on U-centered Distance Correlation Network: Multi-omics Warning Signals for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2026 Mar 27. doi: 10.2174/0113862073445368260131002109. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cases. Alterations in metabolic activities play important roles in NSCLC development, wherein related genes and metabolites interact with each other, involving multiple forms.METHODS: To comprehensively understand th
A Data-driven Approach for Biomarker Discovery based on U-centered Distance Correlation Network: Multi-omics Warning Signals for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2026 Mar 27. doi: 10.2174/0113862073445368260131002109. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cases. Alterations in metabolic activities play important roles in NSCLC development, wherein related genes and metabolites interact with each other, involving multiple forms.
METHODS: To comprehensively understand the pathogenic mechanisms and improve the performance of clinical early, precise diagnosis, this study proposed a data-driven approach for biomarker discovery based on U-centered distance correlation network (DCN) to investigate NSCLC metabolism-related reactions. In DCN, changes in molecular relationships during NSCLC initiation and progression are measured using the t-statistics of U-centered distance correlation for network construction, in which prospective warning signals representing NSCLC onset can be identified without human intervention. Additionally, the network construction criterion in DCN can precisely and effectively capture both linear and nonlinear molecular relationships in simple and biologically relevant manners.
RESULTS: DCN was successfully employed to analyze NSCLC metabolism-related metabolomics and genomics datasets. Statistical analyses confirmed that compared with other algorithms, the gene and metabolite biomarker panels identified by DCN provided more reliable diagnostic capabilities for clinical NSCLC detection. Biological analyses revealed that disturbed energy metabolism and lipid metabolism occurred during tumor cell proliferation and growth in NSCLC patients.
DISCUSSION: The gene ASPA and metabolite aspartic acid were significantly decreased in NSCLC samples, suggesting that the corresponding amino acid metabolic activities were intricately linked to NSCLC progression.
CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that DCN can further facilitate NSCLC studies to improve clinical outcomes in patients.
PMID:41937706 | DOI:10.2174/0113862073445368260131002109
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npj Digital Medicine
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Rapid and noninvasive artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic method for oral squamous cell carcinoma
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 31 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02527-3Rapid and noninvasive artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic method for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Rapid and noninvasive artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic method for oral squamous cell carcinoma
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 31 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02527-3
Rapid and noninvasive artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic method for oral squamous cell carcinoma-
cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Sparse but Critical: A Token-Level Analysis of Distributional Shifts in RLVR Fine-Tuning of LLMs
arXiv:2603.22446v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has significantly improved reasoning in large language models (LLMs), yet the token-level mechanisms underlying these improvements remain unclear. We present a systematic empirical study of RLVR's distributional effects organized around three main analyses: (1) token-level characterization of distributional shifts between base and RL models, (2) the impact of token-level distributional shifts
Sparse but Critical: A Token-Level Analysis of Distributional Shifts in RLVR Fine-Tuning of LLMs
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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An Accurate and Interpretable Framework for Trustworthy Process Monitoring
arXiv:2302.10426v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Trustworthy process monitoring seeks to build an accurate and interpretable monitoring framework, which is critical for ensuring the safety of energy conversion plant (ECP) that operates under extreme working conditions such as high pressure and temperature. Contemporary self-attentive models, however, fall short in this domain for two main reasons. First, they rely on step-wise correlations that fail to involve physically meaningful semantics
An Accurate and Interpretable Framework for Trustworthy Process Monitoring
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Cell
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β-hydroxybutyrate enhances the metabolic fitness of CAR T cells in cancer
β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), the ketone body associated with a ketogenic diet, metabolically reprograms and fuels CAR T cells to achieve proliferation, cytokine production, and superior tumor control. These findings suggest that BHB supplementation may be a practical way to boost adoptive cancer immunotherapy.
β-hydroxybutyrate enhances the metabolic fitness of CAR T cells in cancer
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Cell
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Tuning the sensitivity of mechanosensory receptors through histidine scanning
Histidine scanning represents a broadly applicable technique for the identification of critical interaction sites within TCRs and other mechanosensory receptors to enhance receptor signaling strength and augment therapeutic efficacy via the catch bond mechanism.
Tuning the sensitivity of mechanosensory receptors through histidine scanning
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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ReportLogic: Evaluating Logical Quality in Deep Research Reports
arXiv:2602.18446v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Users increasingly rely on Large Language Models (LLMs) for Deep Research, using them to synthesize diverse sources into structured reports that support understanding and action. In this context, the practical reliability of such reports hinges on logical quality: whether the report's claims and arguments are explicitly supported and can be trusted as a basis for downstream use, rather than merely appearing fluent or informative. However, curren