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Normal view

Received today — 7 October 2026 ⏭

Monolithic 3D integration of atomic-layer-deposited oxide semiconductors on 200-mm silicon wafers

✇Nature Nanotechnology
By: Chang Niu · Linjia Long · Luqi Zheng · Shuting Du · Jian-Yu Lin · Kisoo Nam · Zehao Lin · Chang Liu · Juanjuan Lu · Haiyan Wang · Haitong Li · Peide D. Ye
15 September 2026 at 08:00

Nature Nanotechnology, Published online: 15 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41565-026-02276-0

Monolithic 3D integration of oxide semiconductor devices on a 200-mm wafer is demonstrated, enabling vertically interconnected logic and memory and supporting the design of an energy-efficient AI accelerator.
Received — 15 September 2026 ⏭

Occamy-1.0: Open Pareto-frontier 35B Intelligence for Co-work

✇cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
By: Wenhui Chen · Shiwen Cheng · Hao Dong · Chenda Duan · Ruixiang Feng · Zhong Guan · Boqiang Guo · Xueyuan Han · Haojie Hao · Liangmeng Huang · Zhelong Huang · Xinke Kong · Hongyu Li · Jiazheng Li · Junbo Li · Qingchuan Li · Yukun Lian · Chang Liu · Tianyu Liu · Zicheng Liu · Shuyi Ouyang · Yijun Pan · Kunyu Shi · Xiaojun Tang · Bingquan Wang · Kesu Wang · Yuchen Wang · Sibo Wei · Sicong Xie · Xiaoying Xing · Yi Xu · Zhijun Xu · Hongwei Xue · Qingcheng Zeng · Di Zhang · Guannan Zhang · Haochen Zhang · Tianlong Zhang · Tianyu Zhao · Tianyu Zhao · Yanjun Zheng · Jialong Zhu · Zijian Zou
14 September 2026 at 12:00
arXiv:2609.11977v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Co-work agents execute complex workflows that combine information gathering, tool use, coding, and file manipulation across many model invocations. Because cost and latency accumulate over the full episode, their practical value depends not only on peak capability but also on how efficiently that capability is delivered. Yet many steps in everyday work emphasize state tracking, coordination, recovery, and follow-through rather than frontier-scale reasoning. We present Occamy-1.0, a cost-efficient co-work model obtained by further training the post-trained Qwen3.6-35B-A3B checkpoint. We construct execution-grounded data and environments, capture replayable long-horizon trajectories across multiple harnesses, and use staged post-training to develop and consolidate complementary execution capabilities. Across a broad suite of co-work benchmarks, Occamy-1.0 is consistently among the strongest comparably sized models and remains competitive with substantially larger frontier systems on several tasks. Under our stated evaluation and pricing protocol, its aggregate performance across four representative benchmarks places it at the low-cost knee of the observed cost--performance Pareto frontier. Supporting evaluations in tool calling, coding, and instruction following further show that this specialization preserves broad agentic capability. We release the model weights and a subset of the training data to support research on practical co-work agents and agentic post-training.

DropVLA: An Action-Level Backdoor Attack on Vision-Language-Action Models

✇cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
By: Zonghuan Xu · Jiayu Li · Yunhan Zhao · Xiang Zheng · Xingjun Ma · Yu-Gang Jiang
14 September 2026 at 12:00
arXiv:2510.10932v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models map multimodal perception and language instructions to executable robot actions, making them particularly vulnerable to behavioral backdoor manipulation: a hidden trigger introduced during training can induce unintended physical actions while nominal task performance remains intact. Prior work on VLA backdoors primarily studies untargeted attacks or task-level hijacking, leaving fine-grained control over individual actions largely unexplored. In this work, we present DropVLA, an action-level backdoor attack that forces a reusable action primitive (e.g., open_gripper) to execute at attacker-chosen decision points under a realistic pipeline-black-box setting with limited data-poisoning access, using a window-consistent relabeling scheme for chunked fine-tuning. On OpenVLA-7B evaluated with LIBERO, vision-only poisoning achieves 98.67%-99.83% attack success rate (ASR) with only 0.31% poisoned episodes while preserving 98.50%-99.17% clean-task retention, and successfully triggers the targeted action within 25 control steps at 500 Hz (0.05 s). Text-only triggers are unstable at low poisoning budgets, and combining text with vision provides no consistent ASR improvement over vision-only attacks. The backdoor remains robust to moderate trigger variations and transfers across evaluation suites (96.27%, 99.09%), whereas text-only largely fails (0.72%). We further validate physical-world feasibility on a 7-DoF Franka arm with pi0-fast, demonstrating non-trivial attack efficacy under camera-relative motion that induces image-plane trigger drift. These results reveal that VLA models can be covertly steered at the granularity of safety-critical actions with minimal poisoning and without observable degradation of nominal performance.

MedCollab: IBIS-Guided Multi-Agent Collaboration with Hierarchical Disease Relation Chains for Clinical Diagnosis

✇cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
By: Yuqi Zhan · Xinyue Wu · Tianyu Lin · Yutong Bao · Xiaoyu Wang · Weihao Cheng · Huangwei Chen · Feiwei Qin · Zhu Zhu
14 September 2026 at 12:00
arXiv:2603.01131v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Clinical diagnosis is a gradual process of evidence integration, in which physicians move from symptoms and medical history to examinations, competing hypotheses, disease relations, and treatment decisions. Large language models have advanced medical text understanding and generation. Yet their clinical use remains limited by weak evidence grounding, opaque reasoning, and inconsistent links among differential diagnosis, final diagnosis, diagnostic basis, and treatment planning. We introduce MedCollab, a multi-agent framework for full-cycle clinical diagnosis and report generation. MedCollab coordinates specialist and examination agents according to patient records. It structures agent deliberation with an Issue-Based Information System (IBIS) protocol, so that each diagnostic position is supported by patient-specific evidence and medical knowledge. It also builds Hierarchical Disease Relation Chains (HDRC) to connect accepted hypotheses through progression, complication, and comorbidity relations. During multi-round deliberation, a verifier-guided consensus module evaluates evidence support, medical plausibility, and logical conflicts. It then adjusts agent contributions and filters unsupported reasoning. Experiments on ClinicalBench and MIMIC-IV show that MedCollab outperforms leading LLMs and medical multi-agent baselines in diagnostic accuracy, evidence consistency, and clinical reasoning quality. These results indicate that structured and auditable collaboration can produce more faithful and clinically coherent diagnostic reports.

Hepatic Usp2 orchestrates de novo lipogenesis through G3bp2 stabilization and β-catenin activation

✇Cell Death Discovery nature.com science feeds
By: Wei Wang · Hui Wang · Yihan Liu · Siyuan Cui · Chuanxi Tang · Mengxue Wang · Chunyan Mu · Jingyu Li · Xianlong Ye · Xinmiao Liang · Shenglong Zhu
14 September 2026 at 08:00

Cell Death Discovery, Published online: 14 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41420-026-03333-2

Hepatic Usp2 orchestrates de novo lipogenesis through G3bp2 stabilization and β-catenin activation

Dense RNA motif modifications enable robust in vivo prime editing and enhance efficiencies of diverse editing systems

✇Nature Biomedical Engineering
By: Xinlin Lei · Didi Chen · Kun Zhang · Xiyu Liu · Qiubing Chen · Yizhou Zhang · Ruijin Ji · Jicheng Zhu · Qingyi Zhang · Ying Zhang · Hao Yin
11 September 2026 at 08:00

Nature Biomedical Engineering, Published online: 11 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41551-026-01787-4

Applying extensive chemical modifications to RNA motifs substantially enhances prime editing efficiency in vivo and can be applied for improved efficiencies across RNA-based editing systems.
Received — 13 September 2026 ⏭

NBR1-Mediated Autophagic Degradation of YTHDF1 Curtails <em>FDX1</em> Translation to Drive Concurrent Multikinase Inhibitor Resistance and Cuproptosis Tolerance

✇(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Lung OR gastric OR Hepatocellular)
By: Weikai Wang · Xin Jiang · Xiaona Chen · Kaiyu Liang · Miaoqin Chen · Kaizhong Lu · Qi Wei · Yuchen Wu · Liyuan Zhu · Yuan Chen · Tianlun Hou · Jingfeng Luo · Chentao Li · Xian Wang · Hongchuan Jin · Lifeng Feng
12 September 2026 at 18:00

Cancer Commun (Lond). 2026 Sep 11;46:0048. doi: 10.34133/cancomm.0048. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Background: Cancer cells frequently acquire adaptive resistance to targeted therapies; however, strategies capable of concurrently overcoming treatment tolerance and reactivating cell death pathways are currently lacking. Here, we investigated the dual role of ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) in modulating both multikinase inhibitor (MKI) sensitivity and cuproptosis susceptibility in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and sought to develop a therapeutic approach for reversing resistance. Methods: HCC models, both in vitro and in vivo, were employed to investigate the role of FDX1 in MKI resistance and cuproptosis evasion. Polysome profiling, SunTag translation reporters, CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, and mass spectrometry were employed to delineate the underlying mechanisms. A codelivery nanoliposome system was engineered and tested in orthotopic HCC models. Results: Prolonged exposure to MKIs led to the down-regulation of FDX1 protein levels, resulting in MKI resistance and cuproptosis tolerance in HCC both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that MKIs inactivated protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT)-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, thereby suppressing the SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2 (SMYD2)-mediated methylation of YTH domain family protein 1 (YTHDF1) at lysine 515 (K515). Hypomethylated YTHDF1 was degraded via next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein (NBR1)-dependent autophagy, leading to the repression of N6-methyladenosine modification-dependent translation of FDX1 mRNA. FDX1 deficiency drove MKI resistance by reactivating AKT survival signaling while impairing cuproptosis through reduced divalent copper ions (Cu2+) to monovalent copper ions (Cu+) conversion and the loss of protein lipoylation. Additionally, restoring FDX1 expression through NBR1 knockdown or YTHDF1 overexpression overcame MKI resistance and resensitized HCC cells to cuproptosis. Finally, a nanoliposomal system, super cuproptosis detonator liposome, designed for the codelivery of NBR1 small interfering RNA, a copper ionophore, and sorafenib restored FDX1-dependent cuproptosis and exhibited marked anti-HCC efficacy, suppressing HCC growth in vivo. Conclusions: MKIs suppressed SMYD2-mediated YTHDF1 methylation at K515 via the inactivation of AKT-mTOR signaling. This led to the inhibition of FDX1 translation, resulting in AKT signaling reactivation and protein lipoylation impairment, effects that contributed to both MKI resistance and cuproptosis tolerance in HCC. Overcoming MKI resistance and resensitizing cells to cuproptosis by targeting NBR1-mediated YTHDF1 degradation using a nanoliposomal codelivery system represents a promising strategy for HCC treatment.

PMID:42729649 | PMC:PMC13562797 | DOI:10.34133/cancomm.0048

Received — 10 September 2026 ⏭

Modality-Decoupled Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Embodied Intelligence in 6G

✇cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
By: Zhuodong Liu · Xiangyu Li · Chunhong Yuan · Hongyang Du · Bodong Shang · Qingqing Wu · Tony Q. S. Quek · Mohsen Guizani
10 September 2026 at 12:00
arXiv:2609.09591v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks are expected to provide a key infrastructure for large-scale embodied intelligence, where heterogeneous robots collaborate through low-latency connectivity, edge intelligence, and distributed sensing. Vision-language-action (VLA) models offer a foundation by integrating visual perception, language understanding, and action generation into a unified closed-loop policy. However, training and adapting VLA models to distributed robotic agents introduce challenges in privacy protection, communication efficiency, and model heterogeneity. Existing federated learning (FL) methods overlook the intrinsic differences among vision, language, and action pathways in parameter scale, privacy exposure, update dynamics, and tolerance to compression or perturbation. To address this issue, this article proposes FedMVLA, a modality-decoupled FL framework for privacy-preserving embodied intelligence in 6G networks. FedMVLA incorporates three mechanisms: modality-aware federated aggregation (MAFA), modality-aware privacy allocation (MAPA), and modality-aware communication compression (MACO), together with a modality-sliced transport design that routes the precision-critical action stream through a protected ultra-reliable low-latency slice. A case study on federated robotic manipulation over the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)-based wireless substrate, covering fading, co-channel interference, and malicious jamming, shows that FedMVLA achieves an 84.8% task success rate, exceeds FedAvg by 22.2 percentage points, sustains a widening margin when scaling to 128 clients across eight cells, and reduces the schedule-averaged per-client uplink model-update payload by 95.6% (approximately 96%), while keeping the 95th percentile (p95) of the round-critical uplink completion time near 1.5s.

MADS: Multi-Agent Dialogue Simulation for Diverse Persuasion Data Generation

✇cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
By: Mingjin Li · Yu Liu · Huayi Liu · Xiang Ye · Chao Jiang · Hongguang Zhang · Yu Ruan
10 September 2026 at 12:00
arXiv:2510.05124v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We propose MADS (Multi-Agent Dialogue Simulation), a scalable framework for generating persuasive multi-turn dialogues via agent self-play. MADS employs three coordinated agents: User Agents designed to simulate diverse persona-driven behaviors by leveraging personality signifiers such as Zodiac Signs and MBTI types, a Dialog Agent executing task-oriented persuasion strategies and an Optimization Agent evaluating and refining dialogue outcomes. We further validate its effectiveness through users' Chain-of-Attitude (CoA) modeling and dedicated LLMs' persuasion assessment. This approach enables low-cost generation of training data without human annotation, addressing key industry challenges such as lack of user data, cold-start evaluation difficulties, and prompt inefficiency. Applied to a real-world marketing scenario, MADS significantly improved the persuasion capacity of small LLMs, increasing the organic traffic conversion rate by 22.4% (from 1.83% to 2.24%) , demonstrating clear business value.

Early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer: Toward a risk-adaptive paradigm in the era of biologic precision

✇Omics In Lung
By: Chaoqi Zhang · Xuanyu Gu · Pan Wang · Dongyu Li · Guochao Zhang · Ting Wang · Peng Wu · Wei Rao · Shan Muhammad · Binghua Tan · Yun Che · Mobai Zhu · Qilin Qiao · Fanbo Lai · Bohui Zhao · Kailun Fei · Yue Wu · Zhihui Zhang · Min Dai · Wanqing Chen · Yawei Zhang · Nan Bi · Jie Wang · Jie He
9 September 2026 at 18:00

CA Cancer J Clin. 2026 Sep-Oct;76(5):e70100. doi: 10.3322/caac.70100.

ABSTRACT

The clinical landscape of early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer is at transformative crossroads. Driven by the widespread adoption of low-dose computed tomography screening, the frequent detection of ground-glass opacities, and a rising incidence among never-smokers, the diagnostic center of gravity has shifted toward earlier, potentially curable disease. This shift has been accompanied by equally important therapeutic advances, including parenchyma-sparing surgical techniques, minimally invasive platforms enhanced by digital navigation, and the transformative integration of perioperative immunotherapy and targeted agents. Concurrently, noninvasive monitoring approaches, such as liquid biopsy, have emerged as powerful tools to guide precision management. Despite this progress, substantial barriers to achieving a universal cure persist. Clinicians continue to face uncertainty in the management of ground-glass opacities, the anatomy-based TNM staging system fails to capture the biologic heterogeneity of early tumors, and global disparities in access to innovation remain unresolved. To address these challenges, the authors propose a shift toward a risk-adaptive management paradigm that harnesses artificial intelligence-driven analytics and multi-omics profiling to tailor treatment intensity according to each patient's biologic risk. Such an approach would enable appropriate escalation for high-risk individuals while permitting safe de-escalation for those at low risk. This holistic, lifespan-oriented strategy must be embraced to deliver equitable and durable cures for patients with early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer.

PMID:42713910 | PMC:PMC13555834 | DOI:10.3322/caac.70100

Targeting KRAS reprograms a Treg-dominant immunosuppressive microenvironment and sensitizes KRAS-mutant gastric adenocarcinoma to CTLA-4 immunotherapy

✇(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Lung OR gastric OR Hepatocellular)
By: Xiaohuan Tang · Peiyao Yang · Xiaoyong Guo · Shuhua Wei · Xiaojing Cheng · Mengyuan Li · Yigang Bao · Sachiyo Nomura · Yu Sun · Longtao Huangfu · Xiaofang Xing · Yongning Jia · Fei Shan · Xiangyu Gao · Chuanhui Han · Ziyu Li
9 September 2026 at 18:00

Sci China Life Sci. 2026 Sep 3. doi: 10.1007/s11427-026-3438-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Oncogenic KRAS mutations define a distinct molecular subset of gastric adenocarcinoma (GA), yet their impact on the tumor immune microenvironment remains incompletely understood. In this study, we established a genetically faithful and immunocompetent KRASG12D-driven mouse model of GA, together with matched organoids and cell lines, to investigate how oncogenic KRAS shapes tumor-immune interactions. KRAS-mutant tumors consistently developed an immunosuppressive microenvironment characterized by enrichment of regulatory T cells (Tregs), accompanied by reduced cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration and intrinsic resistance to PD-1 blockade. Although pharmacologic targeting of KRAS effectively suppressed tumor growth and increased immune cell infiltration, functional immune analyses revealed persistent Treg-mediated immunosuppression that limited effective antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, TGF-β signaling was required to maintain Treg dominance and suppress effector T cell function in KRAS-driven tumors. Importantly, disruption of this suppressive axis through combined KRAS inhibition and CTLA-4 blockade attenuated TGF-β activity, impaired Treg function, and enhanced antitumor immune responses in vivo. Collectively, these findings identify oncogenic KRAS as a key regulator of TGF-β-dependent immune suppression in GA and provide mechanistic insight into immune evasion within this molecular subtype.

PMID:42714795 | DOI:10.1007/s11427-026-3438-4

Early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer: Toward a risk-adaptive paradigm in the era of biologic precision

✇(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Lung OR gastric OR Hepatocellular)
By: Chaoqi Zhang · Xuanyu Gu · Pan Wang · Dongyu Li · Guochao Zhang · Ting Wang · Peng Wu · Wei Rao · Shan Muhammad · Binghua Tan · Yun Che · Mobai Zhu · Qilin Qiao · Fanbo Lai · Bohui Zhao · Kailun Fei · Yue Wu · Zhihui Zhang · Min Dai · Wanqing Chen · Yawei Zhang · Nan Bi · Jie Wang · Jie He
9 September 2026 at 18:00

CA Cancer J Clin. 2026 Sep-Oct;76(5):e70100. doi: 10.3322/caac.70100.

ABSTRACT

The clinical landscape of early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer is at transformative crossroads. Driven by the widespread adoption of low-dose computed tomography screening, the frequent detection of ground-glass opacities, and a rising incidence among never-smokers, the diagnostic center of gravity has shifted toward earlier, potentially curable disease. This shift has been accompanied by equally important therapeutic advances, including parenchyma-sparing surgical techniques, minimally invasive platforms enhanced by digital navigation, and the transformative integration of perioperative immunotherapy and targeted agents. Concurrently, noninvasive monitoring approaches, such as liquid biopsy, have emerged as powerful tools to guide precision management. Despite this progress, substantial barriers to achieving a universal cure persist. Clinicians continue to face uncertainty in the management of ground-glass opacities, the anatomy-based TNM staging system fails to capture the biologic heterogeneity of early tumors, and global disparities in access to innovation remain unresolved. To address these challenges, the authors propose a shift toward a risk-adaptive management paradigm that harnesses artificial intelligence-driven analytics and multi-omics profiling to tailor treatment intensity according to each patient's biologic risk. Such an approach would enable appropriate escalation for high-risk individuals while permitting safe de-escalation for those at low risk. This holistic, lifespan-oriented strategy must be embraced to deliver equitable and durable cures for patients with early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer.

PMID:42713910 | DOI:10.3322/caac.70100

Multi-Omics Biomarker Signatures for Precision Diagnosis and Prognosis in Primary Liver Cancer: A Literature Review

✇Omics in Hepatocellular
By: Ke Xu · Yu Liu · Yuan Peng · Yanli Zeng · Zhibin Luo
4 September 2026 at 18:00

Biofactors. 2026 Sep-Oct;52(5):e70136. doi: 10.1002/biof.70136.

ABSTRACT

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a biologically heterogeneous group of malignancies dominated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), and a smaller subset of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA), and its clinical burden remains high because current diagnostic and prognostic tools do not adequately capture molecular diversity. Conventional imaging, serum markers, and histopathological assessment remain insufficient for precise early diagnosis, subtype-resolved classification, and outcome stratification, while tissue and liquid biopsy approaches have expanded the range of analytes available for clinical assessment. Recent studies have identified candidate biomarker signatures across genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and circulating layers, suggesting that integrated multi-omics profiling may better represent tumor lineage, clonal evolution, immune context, and therapeutic vulnerability than isolated molecular readouts. However, these layers are not equally mature for clinical use: genomic testing is closest to routine therapeutic application in iCCA, plasma methylation assays are advancing for HCC surveillance augmentation, and many proteomic or metabolomic panels remain validation-stage tools. Their clinical value remains constrained by sampling bias, biospecimen-dependent signal loss, assay standardization, cost, and the need for prospective validation across clinically diverse populations. This narrative review critically synthesizes current evidence on multi-omics biomarker signatures for precision diagnosis and prognosis in primary liver cancer and argues that clinically useful signatures should be question-specific, stage-aware, and specimen-aware rather than universal multi-analyte panels.

PMID:42697859 | PMC:PMC13545153 | DOI:10.1002/biof.70136

CAFs shape the immunosuppressive microenvironment of pancreatic cancer through the Lin28b-STING Axis

✇(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Pancreatic)
By: Minghe Fan · Ziyang Zhang · Wei Xu · Yuwei Liu · Ruoxuan Wang · Wenqin Hao · Sihan Huo · Yuyao Guo · Lina Wang · Ang Lv · Xiangyu Liu · Wei Wang · Chuanhui Han · Ying Zhao
3 September 2026 at 18:00

Nat Commun. 2026 Aug 7;17(1):9491. doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-76495-3.

ABSTRACT

Cancer-associated fibroblasts comprise diverse functionally distinct cellular subsets, with certain subpopulations exerting pivotal influence in shaping the pancreatic cancer immune microenvironment. Here we show that Lin28b+ cancer-associated fibroblasts contribute to establishing an immunologically cold tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mechanistically, Lin28b directly binds to STING mRNA and promotes its degradation, thereby suppressing STING expression and downstream type I interferon signaling. Loss of Lin28b in cancer-associated fibroblasts activates the cGAS-STING-interferon signaling cascade, enhancing dendritic cell antigen presentation and CD8+ T cell cytotoxic function. Importantly, genetic inhibition of Lin28b in cancer-associated fibroblasts enhances sensitivity to anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy. These findings reveal that targeting the Lin28b-STING axis represents a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming the intrinsic resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to immunotherapy.

PMID:42693143 | PMC:PMC13542369 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-026-76495-3

Received — 27 May 2026 ⏭

LC-ERD: Mining Latent Logic for Self-Evolving Reasoning via Consistency-Regulated Reward Decomposition

✇cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
By: Yanyu Chen · Jiyue Jiang · Dianzhi Yu · Zheng Wu · Jiahong Liu · Jiaming Han · Xiao Guo · Jinhu Qi · Yu Li · Yifei Zhang · Irwin King
26 May 2026 at 12:00
arXiv:2605.24005v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning is bottlenecked by the scarcity of high-quality process data. While self-alignment via endogenous rewards offers a solution, mining valid supervision faces three challenges: (1) Label Noise via Mimetic Bias, where rewards prioritize statistical likelihood over logical truth, creating a "correctness illusion" that masks compounding errors; (2) Coarse-Grained Supervision, where sparse global outcomes (e.g., in GRPO) fail to provide granular guidance, treating reasoning chains as monolithic; and (3) Distributional Collapse, where signals fail to generalize without amplifying pre-training biases. To address these, we introduce LC-ERD (Logic-Consistent Endogenous Reward Decomposition), a framework framing self-alignment as latent structure mining. We derive a Variational Logic Potential by aggregating consensus from the model's Latent Logic Expertise (LLE) to denoise the reasoning manifold, and introduce a Multi-Agent Value Decomposition protocol based on the IGM principle to quantify individual step utility. Experiments show LC-ERD delivers a robust self-evolution path, uncovering trade-offs between logic consistency and accuracy while identifying high-value reasoning patterns missed by standard rewards. Our code is available at https://github.com/Reinhardmannn/LC-ERD.

HyperGuide: Hyperbolic Guidance for Efficient Multi-Step Reasoning in Large Language Models

✇cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
By: Yuyu Liu · Haotian Xu · Yanan He · Sarang Rajendra Patil · Mengjia Xu · Tengfei Ma
26 May 2026 at 12:00
arXiv:2605.24140v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-step reasoning remains a central challenge for large language models: single-pass generation is efficient but lacks accuracy; tree-search methods explore multiple paths but are computation-heavy. We address this gap by distilling reasoning progress into a hyperbolic geometric signal that guides step-by-step generation. Our approach is motivated by a structural observation: in combinatorial reasoning trees, solution-bearing states are few while dead ends are exponentially numerous. The hyperbolic space matches this asymmetry, with compact volume near the origin and exponentially expanding capacity toward the boundary, so that distance-to-origin naturally encodes solution proximity while angular separation distinguishes branches requiring different next operations. We train a lightweight head to project LLM hidden states into this space, then fine-tune a low-rank adapter interactively on its own reasoning attempts to act on the injected signal. Across multiple benchmarks, the geometric signal yields consistent gains, with larger improvements on deeper reasoning chains. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/yuyuliu11037/HyperGuide.

StructBreak: Structural Cognitive Overload-Induced Safety Failures in MLLMs

✇cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
By: Yang Luo · Xinran Liu · Tiantian Ji · Zhiyi Yin · Lingyun Peng · Shuyu Li
26 May 2026 at 12:00
arXiv:2605.25534v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at structural reasoning yet suffer from a sharp logical brittleness in structural consistency. We term this phenomenon Structural Cognitive Overload (SCO), a byproduct of the contention between deep reasoning and safety alignment. However, prior work has predominantly targeted typographic and pixel-level perturbations, leaving the study of SCO largely unexplored. To this end, we propose StructBreak, an automated end-to-end framework designed to quantify SCO. By leveraging StructBreak, we uncover a novel higher-order cognitive overload attack paradigm; notably, this attack operates under a practical black-box setting, requiring no internal model access. Consequently, we utilize this framework to establish a comprehensive benchmark spanning ten diverse threat scenarios. Empirical evaluations on six leading MLLMs reveal that SCO readily triggers toxic generation, yielding a 92% average ASR (up to 97% on Gemini 2.5). To elucidate the mechanism of SCO, we further conduct model-level interpretations spanning attention dynamics, latent space topology, and geometric analysis. Our findings reveal that StructBreak acts as a novel structural channel to circumvent safety filters. Furthermore, the limited efficacy of inherent safety mechanisms underscores that current alignment paradigms are insufficient for the era of complex multimodal reasoning.

PHGNet: Prototype-Guided Hypergraph Construction for Heterogeneous Spatiotemporal Forecasting

✇cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
By: Ruiwen Gu · Yahao Liu · Zhenyu Liu · Qitai Tan · Xiao-Ping Zhang
26 May 2026 at 12:00
arXiv:2605.25554v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As a core task in intelligent transportation systems, traffic forecasting plays a critical role in urban traffic management. Accurate traffic forecasting relies on modeling complex spatiotemporal dependencies, which is inherently challenging due to spatial heterogeneity in traffic systems.Despite significant progress, most existing methods are still limited to pairwise spatial dependency modeling, making it difficult to capture dynamic high-order interactions among nodes with similar traffic patterns. To address this issue, we propose PHGNet, a novel spatiotemporal forecasting framework based on prototype-guided hypergraph construction. At the core of PHGNet, a prototype learning mechanism is designed to adaptively assign pattern-similar nodes to hyperedges, thereby capturing high-order interactions with time-varying structures. To improve the reliability of dynamic hypergraph construction, we further develop a global-local node representation module to extract time-consistent features. For forecasting, iterative residual refinement and Temporal Query Attention are introduced to improve forecasting accuracy while supporting efficient parallel decoding. Extensive experiments on multiple real-world datasets demonstrate that PHGNet achieves superior predictive performance compared with state-of-the-art methods.

DBPnet: Damper Characteristics-Based Bayesian Physics-Informed Neural Network for Wheel Load Estimation

✇cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
By: Tianyi Wang · Tianyi Zeng · Zimo Zeng · Feiyang Zhang · Yujin Wang · Xiangyu Li · Yiming Xu · Sikai Chen · Junfeng Jiao · Christian Claudel · Xinbo Chen
26 May 2026 at 12:00
arXiv:2605.24860v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) play an important role in modern automotive intelligence, significantly enhancing vehicle safety and stability. The performance of ADAS critically relies on accurate and reliable vehicle state estimation, particularly from vehicle dynamic sensors. Among these signals, wheel load is a key variable for chassis control and safety-critical functions, yet it remains difficult to estimate robustly due to complex suspension geometry, nonlinear dynamics, and measurement noise. To address this issue, we propose DBPnet, a Bayesian physics-informed neural network (PINN) with a physics-aware embedding module inspired by damper characteristics. First, this paper presents a suspension linkage-level modeling (SLLM) approach that constructs a nonlinear instantaneous dynamic model by explicitly considering the complex geometric structure of the suspension. Building upon SLLM, Bayesian inference is integrated into the PINN to effectively cope with noise and uncertainty in the vehicle chassis system, thereby improving the model's robustness. Then, a physics-informed loss function is employed to ensure consistency with fundamental physical principles, while the damper characteristics-inspired embedding module extracts temporal variation features of input signals and incorporates them into each layer of the PINN, ensuring that physical observations guide the neural network without being constrained by fixed physical models. Extensive evaluations on high-fidelity simulations and real-world experiments demonstrate that our DBPnet consistently achieves lower RMSE and MaxError than baseline methods. These results highlight the potential of our DBPnet to advance wheel load estimation and contribute to the development of more reliable ADAS actuator functions.
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