Curr Med Chem. 2026 Mar 17. doi: 10.2174/0109298673415187251212085809. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Solanum incanum L. (S. incanum) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties. This study evaluates the anti-cancer potential of S. incanum in lung and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Also, we aim to confirm the connection between the lung and the large intestine, as proposed in TCM theory.

METHODS: This study employed network pharmacology analysis, MTT and morphological analysis, Western blotting, and molecular docking to investigate the anti-cancer effects of S. incanum, particularly through its activation of the TRAIL-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway.

RESULTS: This study identified 15 active compounds in S. incanum, with glycosylated alkaloids such as α-solanine and solasonine highlighted as key bioactive compounds. KEGG and GO analyses revealed that S. incanum influences apoptosis-related pathways, particularly the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, regulating mediators such as CASP3, CASP8, and various TNF- related receptors. The anticancer potential was assessed through cellular studies using A549 and HT29 cell lines, with MTT cell viability assays showing that α-solanine induces apoptosis, with IC50 values between 20 and 30 μM. Western blot analysis demonstrated that S. incanum activates apoptosis via the TRAIL-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway, promoting CASP8, CASP3, and PARP1 cleavage in a dose-dependent manner, affecting DNA synthesis. Molecular docking further identified α-solanine and solasonine as compounds that bind to critical proteins in the TRAIL-related apoptotic pathway, confirming their roles in promoting apoptosis.

DISCUSSION: The shared activation of the TRAIL-mediated apoptotic pathway in both lung and colorectal adenocarcinoma models suggests a common molecular mechanism. These findings provide experimental evidence linking traditional ethnopharmacological concepts with apoptosis-related anti-cancer activity.

CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes that the main compound of S. incanum, α-solanine, supports the ethnopharmacological concept of "Exterior-interior Pairing of the Lung and Large Intestine", thereby demonstrating that both lung and colorectal adenocarcinomas share a common anticancer pathway through a TRAIL-related apoptotic mechanism.

PMID:41863159 | DOI:10.2174/0109298673415187251212085809

Nutrients. 2026 Mar 4;18(5):834. doi: 10.3390/nu18050834.

ABSTRACT

Background: Gut microbiota dysbiosis is critically implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) via the gut-lung axis. While Latilactobacillus curvatus is a promising probiotic candidate, its specific immunomodulatory mechanisms in respiratory diseases remain poorly understood. Objective: In this study, we investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of L. curvatus IM01 in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine AAI model using an integrated multi-omics approach. Results: Our results demonstrated that oral administration of L. curvatus IM01 significantly attenuated airway inflammation, suppressed Th2-type immune responses, and reduced serum IgE levels. Crucially, our multi-omics integration revealed a coherent gut-lung axis narrative driven by microbial and metabolic crosstalk. Specifically, 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that L. curvatus IM01 was closely linked to structural shifts in the gut microbial community, notably characterized by an enrichment trend for beneficial genera such as Odoribacter and Lactobacillus. This microbial restructuring was closely associated with a modulated cecal metabolic profile, as untargeted metabolomics exhibited a clear trend toward the restoration of key systemically active immunoregulatory metabolites, including indolelactic acid (ILA) and choline, which have been previously linked to the alleviation of AAI symptoms. Further linking this metabolic shift to respiratory immune tolerance, lung transcriptomic analysis showed that the treatment is strongly associated with the promotion of the differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells into Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggest a novel potential pathway by which L. curvatus IM01 modulates the gut-lung axis through coordinated microbial and metabolic interventions, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic functional food ingredient for AAI.

PMID:41830004 | PMC:PMC12987261 | DOI:10.3390/nu18050834

Nutrients. 2026 Mar 4;18(5):834. doi: 10.3390/nu18050834.

ABSTRACT

Background: Gut microbiota dysbiosis is critically implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) via the gut-lung axis. While Latilactobacillus curvatus is a promising probiotic candidate, its specific immunomodulatory mechanisms in respiratory diseases remain poorly understood. Objective: In this study, we investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of L. curvatus IM01 in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine AAI model using an integrated multi-omics approach. Results: Our results demonstrated that oral administration of L. curvatus IM01 significantly attenuated airway inflammation, suppressed Th2-type immune responses, and reduced serum IgE levels. Crucially, our multi-omics integration revealed a coherent gut-lung axis narrative driven by microbial and metabolic crosstalk. Specifically, 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that L. curvatus IM01 was closely linked to structural shifts in the gut microbial community, notably characterized by an enrichment trend for beneficial genera such as Odoribacter and Lactobacillus. This microbial restructuring was closely associated with a modulated cecal metabolic profile, as untargeted metabolomics exhibited a clear trend toward the restoration of key systemically active immunoregulatory metabolites, including indolelactic acid (ILA) and choline, which have been previously linked to the alleviation of AAI symptoms. Further linking this metabolic shift to respiratory immune tolerance, lung transcriptomic analysis showed that the treatment is strongly associated with the promotion of the differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells into Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggest a novel potential pathway by which L. curvatus IM01 modulates the gut-lung axis through coordinated microbial and metabolic interventions, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic functional food ingredient for AAI.

PMID:41830004 | PMC:PMC12987261 | DOI:10.3390/nu18050834