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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Information Gain-based Policy Optimization: A Simple and Effective Approach for Multi-Turn Search Agents
arXiv:2510.14967v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly trained with reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance their ability to interact with external environments through tool use, particularly in search-based settings that require multi-turn reasoning and knowledge acquisition. However, existing approaches typically rely on outcome-based rewards that are only provided exclusively upon generating the final answer. This reward sparsity bec
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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OmniDiT: Extending Diffusion Transformer to Omni-VTON Framework
arXiv:2603.19643v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Despite the rapid advancement of Virtual Try-On (VTON) and Try-Off (VTOFF) technologies, existing VTON methods face challenges with fine-grained detail preservation, generalization to complex scenes, complicated pipeline, and efficient inference. To tackle these problems, we propose OmniDiT, an omni Virtual Try-On framework based on the Diffusion Transformer, which combines try-on and try-off tasks into one unified model. Specifically, w
OmniDiT: Extending Diffusion Transformer to Omni-VTON Framework
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Omics In Lung
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Low-dose intestinal irradiation enhances the efficacy and prognosis of PD-1 blockade in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Clin Cancer Res. 2026 Mar 18. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-25-4153. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPURPOSE: Intestinal low-dose irradiation (ILDR) may enhance immunotherapy efficacy by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolism; however, its role in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), particularly in the first-line setting, remains unclear.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: This multicenter retrospective and prospective study included mNSCLC patients receiving first- and second-line programmed cell
Low-dose intestinal irradiation enhances the efficacy and prognosis of PD-1 blockade in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Clin Cancer Res. 2026 Mar 18. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-25-4153. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Intestinal low-dose irradiation (ILDR) may enhance immunotherapy efficacy by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolism; however, its role in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), particularly in the first-line setting, remains unclear.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: This multicenter retrospective and prospective study included mNSCLC patients receiving first- and second-line programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors along with abdominopelvic radiotherapy between 2018 and 2025. Patients were stratified by the mean intestinal radiation dose into <1 Gy, 1-3 Gy, and >3 Gy groups and treatment outcomes were compared. The blood and fecal samples were subjected to multi-omics profiling.
RESULTS: g>309 patients were included in the retrospective analysis. Optimal efficacy was observed with a small intestinal mean radiation dose (SIMRD) of 1-3 Gy, showing longer progression-free survival (PFS, 10.2 months) and overall survival (OS, 22.8 months) (P < 0.01), which was consistent across subgroups. Compared with 1-3 Gy, SIMRD >3 Gy (Hazard ratio [HR] = 4.87, P < 0.001) and <1 Gy (HR = 1.85, P < 0.001) independently predicted worse OS. Prospective results confirmed the best disease control rate (P = 0.041) and PFS (P = 0.046) with SIMRD of 1-3 Gy. Responders were enriched in Bacillota, Clostridia, and indole derivatives, particularly indole-3-carboxylic acid. Moreover, the 1-3 Gy group exhibited increased circulating macrophage inflammatory protein-3α and reduced circulating α4β7+ regulatory T cells.
CONCLUSIONS: ILDR influences the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in patients with mNSCLC, particularly when SIMRD is maintained within the 1-3 Gy range, likely through modulation of the gut microbiota-metabolite-immune axis.
PMID:41849236 | DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-25-4153
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Cell
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Tuning the sensitivity of mechanosensory receptors through histidine scanning
Histidine scanning represents a broadly applicable technique for the identification of critical interaction sites within TCRs and other mechanosensory receptors to enhance receptor signaling strength and augment therapeutic efficacy via the catch bond mechanism.