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Beyond the Aggregation Dilemma: Prior-Retaining Decoupled Learning for Multimodal Graphs

arXiv:2605.24684v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal Attributed Graph Learning (MAGL) integrates intrinsic node attributes with structural topology via graph aggregation. However, as pretrained encoders evolve into Large Foundation Models (LFMs), the landscape of MAGL fundamentally shifts: under high-confidence LFM priors, mandatory aggregation introduces topological noise that overwhelms discriminative signals, triggering a counter-intuitive performance inversion where sophisticated MAGL architectures underperform simple topology-agnostic MLPs. Through systematic empirical and theoretical analysis, we identify that this inversion stems from a fundamental aggregation dilemma characterized by two concurrent pathologies: (1) Representational Pathology (SNR Degradation) - mandatory aggregation dilutes robust intrinsic features with topological noise, causing the noise penalty to outweigh its collaborative benefit; and (2) Optimization Pathology (Gradient Starvation) - topological aggregation attenuates gradient flow, while a shared task loss causes dominant modalities to prematurely suppress weaker ones. To resolve this dilemma, we propose SUPRA (Shared-Unique Prior-Retaining Architecture), a decoupled dual-pathway paradigm. SUPRA processes modality-specific features through topology-agnostic MLPs while capturing structural synergy via a lightweight shared GNN, with auxiliary deep supervision counteracting gradient starvation. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that SUPRA achieves state-of-the-art performance while requiring 3.5x lower peak GPU memory and up to 4.4x faster training time than Multimodal Graph Transformers.

Channel-wise Vector Quantization

arXiv:2605.26089v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present Channel-wise Vector Quantization (CVQ), a novel image tokenization paradigm that replaces patch-wise tokens with channel-wise tokens. Unlike conventional vector quantization, which assigns a discrete token to each patch feature vector, CVQ quantizes each channel of the feature map. This formulation represents an image as discrete levels of visual details, rather than as a grid of spatial patches. Based on CVQ, we introduce a new visual autoregressive framework with "next-channel prediction". Instead of rendering images patch by patch in raster order, our Channel-wise Autoregressive (CAR) model predicts image channels sequentially, producing progressively enriched visual details. Specifically, it first sketches global structure and then refines fine-grained attributes, akin to a human artist's workflow. Empirically, we show that: (1) CVQ achieves 100% codebook utilization with a 16K+ codebook size without any bells and whistles, and substantially improves reconstruction quality over conventional VQ; and (2) CAR attains a DPG score of 86.7 and a GenEval score of 0.79, demonstrating strong effectiveness for text-to-image generation.

Dynamic microbiome-host interactions and their associations with systemic metabolism and radiological characteristics during early lung adenocarcinoma

12 May 2026 at 18:00

NPJ Precis Oncol. 2026 May 12;10(1):284. doi: 10.1038/s41698-026-01471-5.

ABSTRACT

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for approximately 40% of non-small cell lung cancer. Although the microbiome may play a role in LUAD, a comprehensive understanding of its ecological landscape and interactions with the tumor host, particularly during early development of LUAD, remains lacking. Here we employed a multi-omic approach to assess the dynamics of the tumor microbiota-host interaction across stages of early LUAD, including benign nodules, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). We found a strong and intricate interaction between the microbiome and host immune and metabolic pathways in AIS, while microbiome-host interactions substantially diminish in MIA and IAC. Serum metabolites and CT-based radiological features, such as atropaldehyde, sterculic acid, nodule morphology and maximum nodule diameter, were closely associated with the microbiome-host interaction network, suggesting they could be non-invasive markers indicating tumor ecological and pathological changes. Multi-omic integration revealed an optimal performance in classifying individual LUAD stages, particularly between AIS and MIA that was otherwise challenging to differentiate using a single data type. Our results highlight the dynamic interaction between microbiome and host during early LUAD, which can be partially reflected in systemic metabolic and radiological manifestations, providing a novel framework for understanding early-stage LUAD.

PMID:42120518 | PMC:PMC13388699 | DOI:10.1038/s41698-026-01471-5

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