Normal view
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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LC-ERD: Mining Latent Logic for Self-Evolving Reasoning via Consistency-Regulated Reward Decomposition
arXiv:2605.24005v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning is bottlenecked by the scarcity of high-quality process data. While self-alignment via endogenous rewards offers a solution, mining valid supervision faces three challenges: (1) Label Noise via Mimetic Bias, where rewards prioritize statistical likelihood over logical truth, creating a "correctness illusion" that masks compounding errors; (2) Coarse-Grained Supervision, where sparse global outc
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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HyperGuide: Hyperbolic Guidance for Efficient Multi-Step Reasoning in Large Language Models
arXiv:2605.24140v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-step reasoning remains a central challenge for large language models: single-pass generation is efficient but lacks accuracy; tree-search methods explore multiple paths but are computation-heavy. We address this gap by distilling reasoning progress into a hyperbolic geometric signal that guides step-by-step generation. Our approach is motivated by a structural observation: in combinatorial reasoning trees, solution-bearing states are few whi
HyperGuide: Hyperbolic Guidance for Efficient Multi-Step Reasoning in Large Language Models
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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StructBreak: Structural Cognitive Overload-Induced Safety Failures in MLLMs
arXiv:2605.25534v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at structural reasoning yet suffer from a sharp logical brittleness in structural consistency. We term this phenomenon Structural Cognitive Overload (SCO), a byproduct of the contention between deep reasoning and safety alignment. However, prior work has predominantly targeted typographic and pixel-level perturbations, leaving the study of SCO largely unexplored. To this end, we propose StructBreak, a
StructBreak: Structural Cognitive Overload-Induced Safety Failures in MLLMs
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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PHGNet: Prototype-Guided Hypergraph Construction for Heterogeneous Spatiotemporal Forecasting
arXiv:2605.25554v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As a core task in intelligent transportation systems, traffic forecasting plays a critical role in urban traffic management. Accurate traffic forecasting relies on modeling complex spatiotemporal dependencies, which is inherently challenging due to spatial heterogeneity in traffic systems.Despite significant progress, most existing methods are still limited to pairwise spatial dependency modeling, making it difficult to capture dynamic high-order
PHGNet: Prototype-Guided Hypergraph Construction for Heterogeneous Spatiotemporal Forecasting
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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DBPnet: Damper Characteristics-Based Bayesian Physics-Informed Neural Network for Wheel Load Estimation
arXiv:2605.24860v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) play an important role in modern automotive intelligence, significantly enhancing vehicle safety and stability. The performance of ADAS critically relies on accurate and reliable vehicle state estimation, particularly from vehicle dynamic sensors. Among these signals, wheel load is a key variable for chassis control and safety-critical functions, yet it remains difficult to estimate robustly due to compl
DBPnet: Damper Characteristics-Based Bayesian Physics-Informed Neural Network for Wheel Load Estimation
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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STREAM: A Data-Centric Framework for Mining High-Value Task-Oriented Dialogues from Streaming Media
arXiv:2605.25162v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models for vertical domains are bottlenecked by the scarcity of complex, domain-specific task-oriented dialogues. Existing data acquisition pipelines face a persistent trilemma: expert annotation is expensive, real-world service conversations are constrained by privacy and commercial restrictions, and static corpora quickly become temporally stale. We propose Stream, a data-centric framework that leverages publicly available strea
STREAM: A Data-Centric Framework for Mining High-Value Task-Oriented Dialogues from Streaming Media
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Reliable AI Needs to Externalize Implicit Knowledge: A Human-AI Collaboration Perspective
arXiv:2605.02010v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This position paper argues that reliable AI requires infrastructure for human validation of implicit knowledge. AI learns from both explicit knowledge (papers, documentation, structured databases) and implicit knowledge (reasoning patterns, debugging processes, intermediate steps). Implicit knowledge remains unexternalized because documentation cost exceeds perceived value -- yet AI learns from it indiscriminately, acquiring both beneficial pa
Reliable AI Needs to Externalize Implicit Knowledge: A Human-AI Collaboration Perspective
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Coupled Variational Reinforcement Learning for Language Model General Reasoning
arXiv:2512.12576v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While reinforcement learning has achieved impressive progress in language model reasoning, it is constrained by the requirement for verifiable rewards. Recent verifier-free RL methods address this limitation by utilizing the probabilities that LLMs generate reference answers as reward signals. However, these approaches typically sample reasoning traces conditioned only on the question. This design decouples reasoning-trace sampling from
Coupled Variational Reinforcement Learning for Language Model General Reasoning
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Safety in Embodied AI: A Survey of Risks, Attacks, and Defenses
arXiv:2605.02900v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Embodied Artificial Intelligence (Embodied AI) integrates perception, cognition, planning, and interaction into agents that operate in open-world, safety-critical environments. As these systems gain autonomy and enter domains such as transportation, healthcare, and industrial or assistive robotics, ensuring their safety becomes both technically challenging and socially indispensable. Unlike digital AI systems, embodied agents must act un
Safety in Embodied AI: A Survey of Risks, Attacks, and Defenses
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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SURGE: Surrogate Gradient Adaptation in Binary Neural Networks
arXiv:2605.10989v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The training of Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) is fundamentally based on gradient approximation for non-differentiable binarization operations (e.g., sign function). However, prevailing methods including the Straight-Through Estimator (STE) and its improved variants, rely on hand-crafted designs that suffer from gradient mismatch problem and information loss induced by fixed-range gradient clipping. To address this, we propose SURrogate G
SURGE: Surrogate Gradient Adaptation in Binary Neural Networks
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Simply Stabilizing the Loop via Fully Looped Transformer
arXiv:2605.18797v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Scaling model performance typically requires increasing model size. Looped Transformer offers a compelling alternative by iteratively reusing the same Transformer blocks, trading additional computation for improved performance without increasing parameter count or context length. Because the number of loop iterations can be adjusted at inference, it also provides a natural mechanism for balancing performance and test-time compute. Howeve
Simply Stabilizing the Loop via Fully Looped Transformer
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npj Digital Medicine
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Personalized neoadjuvant treatment regimen selection in locally advanced rectal cancer based on regimen-specific response modeling
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 26 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02798-wPersonalized neoadjuvant treatment regimen selection in locally advanced rectal cancer based on regimen-specific response modeling
Personalized neoadjuvant treatment regimen selection in locally advanced rectal cancer based on regimen-specific response modeling
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 26 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02798-w
Personalized neoadjuvant treatment regimen selection in locally advanced rectal cancer based on regimen-specific response modeling-
(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Pancreatic)
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Human pancreatic progenitor organoids define genetic and epigenetic barriers to early PDAC transformation
Dev Cell. 2026 May 19:S1534-5807(26)00159-0. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2026.04.012. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe lack of accurate human models that recapitulate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) initiation has hindered therapeutic development. Using pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitor organoids, we established a human PDAC model that faithfully reproduces the genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic trajectories of tumor initiation and progression, validated against clinica
Human pancreatic progenitor organoids define genetic and epigenetic barriers to early PDAC transformation
Dev Cell. 2026 May 19:S1534-5807(26)00159-0. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2026.04.012. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
The lack of accurate human models that recapitulate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) initiation has hindered therapeutic development. Using pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitor organoids, we established a human PDAC model that faithfully reproduces the genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic trajectories of tumor initiation and progression, validated against clinical datasets and tumor histopathology. We demonstrate that CDKN2A loss, which is nearly universal in patients but dispensable in mouse models, is essential for neoplastic transformation when combined with KRAS and TP53 mutations, whereas SMAD4 loss promotes tumor progression. Multi-omics profiling reveals epigenetic repression of the pancreatic lineage program during PDAC initiation, alongside AP-1-driven chromatin remodeling. We identify TET1 suppression as a mechanistic link between oncogenic ERK signaling and hypermethylation of essential pancreatic transcription factors. This model captures genetic and epigenetic determinants of human PDAC, reveals antagonism between oncogenic and lineage restriction programs, and supports TET-based lineage restoration as a potential early intervention strategy.
PMID:42161274 | PMC:PMC13196429 | DOI:10.1016/j.devcel.2026.04.012
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Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds
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Advancing solar and wind penetration in China through energy complementarity
Nature, Published online: 20 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10570-zUsing high-resolution satellite imagery combined with a deep-learning-based framework to build a national energy inventory enables a data-driven assessment of solar–wind complementarity strategies to reduce power variability and enhance renewable energy penetration across China.
Advancing solar and wind penetration in China through energy complementarity
Nature, Published online: 20 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10570-z
Using high-resolution satellite imagery combined with a deep-learning-based framework to build a national energy inventory enables a data-driven assessment of solar–wind complementarity strategies to reduce power variability and enhance renewable energy penetration across China.-
Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds
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The neural mechanisms supporting the rise and fall of maternal aggression
Nature, Published online: 15 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10354-5In mice, female aggression is governed by an amygdala–to–medial hypothalamus circuit that is strengthened during pregnancy and is dynamically amplified by oxytocin during lactation.
The neural mechanisms supporting the rise and fall of maternal aggression
Nature, Published online: 15 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10354-5
In mice, female aggression is governed by an amygdala–to–medial hypothalamus circuit that is strengthened during pregnancy and is dynamically amplified by oxytocin during lactation.-
Omics In Lung
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GPNMB Drives Brain Metastasis by Sculpting a Pathological Endothelial-Immune Interactome
Cancer Discov. 2026 Apr 15. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-25-1663. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBrain metastases (BM) remain a devastating disease with dismal prognosis. How circulating tumor cells (CTCs) penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and reprogram the brain microenvironment remain unclear. Using spatially resolved multi-omic profiling of CTCs and brain metastases, integrated with experimental and clinical analyses, we identified Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B (GPNMB) as a
GPNMB Drives Brain Metastasis by Sculpting a Pathological Endothelial-Immune Interactome
Cancer Discov. 2026 Apr 15. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-25-1663. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Brain metastases (BM) remain a devastating disease with dismal prognosis. How circulating tumor cells (CTCs) penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and reprogram the brain microenvironment remain unclear. Using spatially resolved multi-omic profiling of CTCs and brain metastases, integrated with experimental and clinical analyses, we identified Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B (GPNMB) as a CTC-secreted driver of vascular disruption and brain colonization. CBX3 upregulation induced GPNMB expression, which bound endothelial EGFR, triggering CBL-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Attenuated EGFR signaling suppressed FTO and disrupted endothelial junctions via YTHDF2-dependent TJP1 m6A methylation. Remarkably, GPNMB-induced BBB remodeling promoted immune infiltration via CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, and induced time course-dependent T cell exhaustion within the brain microenvironment. Clinically, elevated CBX3⁺GPNMB⁺ CTCs and plasma CXCL12 were significantly associated with BM progression in lung cancer and melanoma. Therapeutically, dual blockade of GPNMB and PD1 enhanced anti-BM efficacy in mice, unveiling GPNMB as a promising target for precision immunotherapy.
PMID:41973996 | DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-25-1663
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Cell
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Pan-neurodegeneration proteomics reveals disease subtypes and molecular signatures
A pan-neurodegeneration atlas built from multilayer, deep proteomics of 2,279 brain samples across 6 major diseases integrates whole proteome, detergent-insoluble proteome, and posttranslational modifications to enable intra- and inter-disease comparisons to reveal disease-specific subtypes and dysregulated pathways, while identifying shared changes such as GPNMB upregulation and NPTX2 downregulation.