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HyperGuide: Hyperbolic Guidance for Efficient Multi-Step Reasoning in Large Language Models

arXiv:2605.24140v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-step reasoning remains a central challenge for large language models: single-pass generation is efficient but lacks accuracy; tree-search methods explore multiple paths but are computation-heavy. We address this gap by distilling reasoning progress into a hyperbolic geometric signal that guides step-by-step generation. Our approach is motivated by a structural observation: in combinatorial reasoning trees, solution-bearing states are few while dead ends are exponentially numerous. The hyperbolic space matches this asymmetry, with compact volume near the origin and exponentially expanding capacity toward the boundary, so that distance-to-origin naturally encodes solution proximity while angular separation distinguishes branches requiring different next operations. We train a lightweight head to project LLM hidden states into this space, then fine-tune a low-rank adapter interactively on its own reasoning attempts to act on the injected signal. Across multiple benchmarks, the geometric signal yields consistent gains, with larger improvements on deeper reasoning chains. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/yuyuliu11037/HyperGuide.

PHGNet: Prototype-Guided Hypergraph Construction for Heterogeneous Spatiotemporal Forecasting

arXiv:2605.25554v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As a core task in intelligent transportation systems, traffic forecasting plays a critical role in urban traffic management. Accurate traffic forecasting relies on modeling complex spatiotemporal dependencies, which is inherently challenging due to spatial heterogeneity in traffic systems.Despite significant progress, most existing methods are still limited to pairwise spatial dependency modeling, making it difficult to capture dynamic high-order interactions among nodes with similar traffic patterns. To address this issue, we propose PHGNet, a novel spatiotemporal forecasting framework based on prototype-guided hypergraph construction. At the core of PHGNet, a prototype learning mechanism is designed to adaptively assign pattern-similar nodes to hyperedges, thereby capturing high-order interactions with time-varying structures. To improve the reliability of dynamic hypergraph construction, we further develop a global-local node representation module to extract time-consistent features. For forecasting, iterative residual refinement and Temporal Query Attention are introduced to improve forecasting accuracy while supporting efficient parallel decoding. Extensive experiments on multiple real-world datasets demonstrate that PHGNet achieves superior predictive performance compared with state-of-the-art methods.

STREAM: A Data-Centric Framework for Mining High-Value Task-Oriented Dialogues from Streaming Media

arXiv:2605.25162v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models for vertical domains are bottlenecked by the scarcity of complex, domain-specific task-oriented dialogues. Existing data acquisition pipelines face a persistent trilemma: expert annotation is expensive, real-world service conversations are constrained by privacy and commercial restrictions, and static corpora quickly become temporally stale. We propose Stream, a data-centric framework that leverages publicly available streaming media (live streams and short videos) to synthesize high-value service dialogues at scale. Stream mines authentic interaction signals from noisy streams and synthesizes conversations by integrating role-grounded persona construction with Conversational Blueprint construction; it further adopts retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to support knowledge-aware responses. Based on Stream, we release StreamDial, a large-scale multi-domain dataset covering Automotive, Restaurant, and Hotel. StreamDial contains 87,498 dialogue sessions and 1,497,320 turns in total, with an average of 17.11 turns per session and a comparable scale across domains. Each session is organized as a structured quadruplet $\langle P_u, P_a, B, H \rangle$ that pairs dialogue history with explicit user/agent personas and a Conversational Blueprint, capturing realistic service behaviors such as requirement mining, constraint conflicts, negotiation, and recovery. Evaluations with automatic judges and downstream tasks show that StreamDial improves intrinsic dialogue quality over strong baselines, and models trained with StreamDial improve Dialogue State Tracking across backbones; we further report a completed human-evaluation set and encouraging multilingual transfer on Qwen3-8B under a controlled training budget. The data is released in https://github.com/hitxueliang/DialogDataSetBySTREAM.

Reliable AI Needs to Externalize Implicit Knowledge: A Human-AI Collaboration Perspective

arXiv:2605.02010v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This position paper argues that reliable AI requires infrastructure for human validation of implicit knowledge. AI learns from both explicit knowledge (papers, documentation, structured databases) and implicit knowledge (reasoning patterns, debugging processes, intermediate steps). Implicit knowledge remains unexternalized because documentation cost exceeds perceived value -- yet AI learns from it indiscriminately, acquiring both beneficial patterns and harmful biases. Current reliability methods can only verify explicit knowledge against sources, creating a fundamental gap: the most valuable AI capabilities (reasoning, judgment, intuition) are precisely those we cannot verify. We propose Knowledge Objects (KOs) -- structured artifacts that externalize implicit knowledge into forms humans can inspect, verify, and endorse. KOs transform verification economics: what was previously too costly to verify becomes feasible, enabling accumulated human validation to improve reliability over time.

SURGE: Surrogate Gradient Adaptation in Binary Neural Networks

arXiv:2605.10989v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The training of Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) is fundamentally based on gradient approximation for non-differentiable binarization operations (e.g., sign function). However, prevailing methods including the Straight-Through Estimator (STE) and its improved variants, rely on hand-crafted designs that suffer from gradient mismatch problem and information loss induced by fixed-range gradient clipping. To address this, we propose SURrogate GradiEnt Adaptation (SURGE), a novel learnable gradient compensation framework with theoretical grounding. SURGE mitigates gradient mismatch through auxiliary backpropagation. Specifically, we design a Dual-Path Gradient Compensator (DPGC) that constructs a parallel full-precision auxiliary branch for each binarized layer, decoupling gradient flow via output decomposition during backpropagation. DPGC enables bias-reduced gradient estimation by leveraging the full-precision branch to estimate components beyond STE's first-order approximation. To further enhance training stability, we introduce an Adaptive Gradient Scaler (AGS) based on an optimal scale factor to dynamically balance inter-branch gradient contributions via norm-based scaling. Experiments on image classification, object detection, and language understanding tasks demonstrate that SURGE performs best over state-of-the-art methods.

Personalized neoadjuvant treatment regimen selection in locally advanced rectal cancer based on regimen-specific response modeling

npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 26 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02798-w

Personalized neoadjuvant treatment regimen selection in locally advanced rectal cancer based on regimen-specific response modeling

Human pancreatic progenitor organoids define genetic and epigenetic barriers to early PDAC transformation

Dev Cell. 2026 May 19:S1534-5807(26)00159-0. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2026.04.012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The lack of accurate human models that recapitulate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) initiation has hindered therapeutic development. Using pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitor organoids, we established a human PDAC model that faithfully reproduces the genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic trajectories of tumor initiation and progression, validated against clinical datasets and tumor histopathology. We demonstrate that CDKN2A loss, which is nearly universal in patients but dispensable in mouse models, is essential for neoplastic transformation when combined with KRAS and TP53 mutations, whereas SMAD4 loss promotes tumor progression. Multi-omics profiling reveals epigenetic repression of the pancreatic lineage program during PDAC initiation, alongside AP-1-driven chromatin remodeling. We identify TET1 suppression as a mechanistic link between oncogenic ERK signaling and hypermethylation of essential pancreatic transcription factors. This model captures genetic and epigenetic determinants of human PDAC, reveals antagonism between oncogenic and lineage restriction programs, and supports TET-based lineage restoration as a potential early intervention strategy.

PMID:42161274 | PMC:PMC13196429 | DOI:10.1016/j.devcel.2026.04.012

Advancing solar and wind penetration in China through energy complementarity

Nature, Published online: 20 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10570-z

Using high-resolution satellite imagery combined with a deep-learning-based framework to build a national energy inventory enables a data-driven assessment of solar–wind complementarity strategies to reduce power variability and enhance renewable energy penetration across China.

GPNMB Drives Brain Metastasis by Sculpting a Pathological Endothelial-Immune Interactome

Cancer Discov. 2026 Apr 15. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-25-1663. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Brain metastases (BM) remain a devastating disease with dismal prognosis. How circulating tumor cells (CTCs) penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and reprogram the brain microenvironment remain unclear. Using spatially resolved multi-omic profiling of CTCs and brain metastases, integrated with experimental and clinical analyses, we identified Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B (GPNMB) as a CTC-secreted driver of vascular disruption and brain colonization. CBX3 upregulation induced GPNMB expression, which bound endothelial EGFR, triggering CBL-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Attenuated EGFR signaling suppressed FTO and disrupted endothelial junctions via YTHDF2-dependent TJP1 m6A methylation. Remarkably, GPNMB-induced BBB remodeling promoted immune infiltration via CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, and induced time course-dependent T cell exhaustion within the brain microenvironment. Clinically, elevated CBX3⁺GPNMB⁺ CTCs and plasma CXCL12 were significantly associated with BM progression in lung cancer and melanoma. Therapeutically, dual blockade of GPNMB and PD1 enhanced anti-BM efficacy in mice, unveiling GPNMB as a promising target for precision immunotherapy.

PMID:41973996 | DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-25-1663

Pan-neurodegeneration proteomics reveals disease subtypes and molecular signatures

A pan-neurodegeneration atlas built from multilayer, deep proteomics of 2,279 brain samples across 6 major diseases integrates whole proteome, detergent-insoluble proteome, and posttranslational modifications to enable intra- and inter-disease comparisons to reveal disease-specific subtypes and dysregulated pathways, while identifying shared changes such as GPNMB upregulation and NPTX2 downregulation.
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