Zhang and colleagues engineered the poly(A) tail as a programmable regulatory element, showing that embedding cell-type-specific microRNA target sites directly within it confers robust, position-dependent silencing in off-target tissues while preserving activity in target cells. This strategy offers a new modular tool to enhance mRNA therapeutic safety and precision.

Subretinal fibrosis causes irreversible vision loss in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study shows that proline metabolism, particularly P4HA1-mediated proline hydroxylation, is activated in JR5558 mice and human AMD tissues. Diethyl pythiDC reduced collagen turnover and fibrovascular lesion expansion, with potential added benefit when combined with aflibercept.