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The DreAM-plus integrative RNA switch enhances transient AAV expression and reduces side effects of gene editing

This study developed a multi-layer inducible RNA switch that achieves transient expression of gene-delivery vectors in hepatic and non-hepatic tissues. As an exemplary application, this RNA switch triggers pulsive expression of gene editors that reduces the off-target effects and immunotoxicity of gene editing.

Switchable single-atom catalysts for highly selective C–C coupling in direct methane oxidation

Nature Nanotechnology, Published online: 07 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41565-026-02271-5

Single copper atoms on boron nanosheets dynamically and reversibly switch to clusters, enabling the direct conversion of methane to acetic acid with 97% selectivity and high activity without the requirement for carbon monoxide.

Why Sample What You Can Enumerate? Exact Policy Optimization for Genomic Tool Selection

arXiv:2609.10221v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning over a frozen reasoner has become a common recipe for teaching a policy which external tools to invoke. We show that this recipe becomes structurally mismatched in specialist scientific settings where the complete tool-subset space is enumerable. There, a small set of recurring computational capabilities covers the domain, so the space of tool subsets is combinatorial yet small enough to enumerate, and GRPO still estimates an action expectation from a handful of sampled rollouts. Worse, the approximation degrades as training succeeds: as the policy concentrates on preferred subsets it resamples them, sampled rewards collide, and the group-normalized advantage vanishes. On genomic reasoning the fraction of questions yielding no reward signal rises from 0.2% under a uniform reference policy to 20.8% after GRPO training. As a remedy, we introduce FGPO (Full-Group Policy Optimization), which (1) scores every tool subset and optimizes the exact action expectation, so each update sees the complete action space, and (2) precomputes the reward of each question--subset pair into an exhaustive table, removing frozen-reasoner calls from the training loop entirely. Across five frozen reasoners and three genomic benchmarks, FGPO outperforms GRPO in all 15 settings by 6.75 points on average and up to 14.20, while a standard on-demand GRPO schedule would require 2.4 times as many frozen-reasoner reward evaluations and, on GenomeQA, FGPO cuts invoked tools per question from 2.36 to 1.40.

Research Status and Prospects of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em>-associated gastritis: From Mechanisms to Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment

8 September 2026 at 18:00

Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2026 Sep 7;2026:3413458. doi: 10.1155/grp/3413458. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis (HPAG) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastric mucosa caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, serving as the core etiological factor for peptic ulcers and gastric precancerous lesions. Given the persistently high global infection rates and the escalating burden of antibiotic resistance, conventional eradication therapies are encountering significant challenges. This article systematically delineates the molecular pathogenic mechanisms underlying HPAG, encompassing bacterial virulence factors, host immune responses, aberrant signaling pathways, oxidative stress, epigenetic regulation, and mucosal barrier damage. Building upon this foundation and in alignment with international mainstream diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines, we summarize the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions from a novel perspective of microecological homeostasis regulation. Specifically, we clarify the multifaceted roles of TCM monomers and formulas in immunomodulation, mucosal repair, and antibacterial synergism. By systematically synthesizing existing evidence from TCM studies, we construct a whole-course TCM intervention framework for HPAG that integrates "susceptibility prevention, active treatment, and posteradication repair." Furthermore, we critically analyze the current clinical translation bottlenecks and the limitations inherent in the "black-box" research paradigm of TCM monomers and formulas, and propose future research directions driven by multiomics technologies. This work provides both theoretical support and practical references for precise integrated Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment of HPAG.

PMID:42707495 | PMC:PMC13548316 | DOI:10.1155/grp/3413458

Research Status and Prospects of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em>-associated gastritis: From Mechanisms to Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment

Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2026 Sep 7;2026:3413458. doi: 10.1155/grp/3413458. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis (HPAG) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastric mucosa caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, serving as the core etiological factor for peptic ulcers and gastric precancerous lesions. Given the persistently high global infection rates and the escalating burden of antibiotic resistance, conventional eradication therapies are encountering significant challenges. This article systematically delineates the molecular pathogenic mechanisms underlying HPAG, encompassing bacterial virulence factors, host immune responses, aberrant signaling pathways, oxidative stress, epigenetic regulation, and mucosal barrier damage. Building upon this foundation and in alignment with international mainstream diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines, we summarize the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions from a novel perspective of microecological homeostasis regulation. Specifically, we clarify the multifaceted roles of TCM monomers and formulas in immunomodulation, mucosal repair, and antibacterial synergism. By systematically synthesizing existing evidence from TCM studies, we construct a whole-course TCM intervention framework for HPAG that integrates "susceptibility prevention, active treatment, and posteradication repair." Furthermore, we critically analyze the current clinical translation bottlenecks and the limitations inherent in the "black-box" research paradigm of TCM monomers and formulas, and propose future research directions driven by multiomics technologies. This work provides both theoretical support and practical references for precise integrated Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment of HPAG.

PMID:42707495 | PMC:PMC13548316 | DOI:10.1155/grp/3413458

Integrative Multi-Omics Mendelian Randomization Analysis Identifies NIT2 as a Potential Metabolic Risk Gene in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

J Gene Med. 2026 Sep;28(9):e70111. doi: 10.1002/jgm.70111.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Metabolic pathways are crucial in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis, but causal metabolic genes remain unclear. This study used Summary data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) and colocalization to identify metabolism-related genetic loci influencing HCC risk.

METHODS: Differentially expressed genes in hepatic malignancy phenotype versus normal tissues from TCGA and GTEx were analyzed. Metabolism-related candidates were examined via SMR and colocalization using multi-omics data: methylation (mQTL), expression (eQTL), and protein (pQTL) quantitative trait loci.

RESULTS: Multi-omics integration identified NIT2 as a key metabolic regulator for HCC. The cg13016775 locus of NIT2 was associated with elevated HCC risk at gene (OR = 1.618, 95% CI: 1.199-2.182) and protein (OR = 4.432, 95% CI: 1.783-11.018) levels. Colocalization supported a shared causal variant (PPH4 > 0.6), linking NIT2 to hepatocarcinogenesis via metabolic regulation.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides multi-omics evidence for NIT2 as a potential causal gene in HCC, enhancing understanding of metabolic contributions to HCC pathogenesis and highlighting integrative genomics for uncovering causal relationships.

PMID:42681890 | PMC:PMC13534973 | DOI:10.1002/jgm.70111

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