This review reconceptualizes lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as programmable platforms for multi-scale systemic immune programming. By integrating tumor-directed immune activation with whole-body metabolic restoration to reverse cachexia, the authors propose a dual-track paradigm that treats cancer as a systemic immune-metabolic disorder.

Cell Death Discovery, Published online: 08 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41420-026-03339-wLipotoxicity-induced ER-mitochondrial hypercoupling activates the mtDNA-cGAS-STING-NF-κB axis to drive follicular arrest in metabolically compromised PCOS