Nature Medicine, Published online: 17 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04646-6Results of this study show in experimental models and data from patient cohorts that the antiseizure medication levetiracetam is associated with longer survival and reduced tumor growth in diffuse midline glioma, but not hemispheric high-grade glioma, by selectively dampening GABAergic synaptic signaling, independently of its canonical SV2A-mediated primary antiseizure mechanism.

Nature Medicine, Published online: 16 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04625-xIn a prospective study involving 1,785 individuals from four countries, the PANXEON exosome-based biomarker, combined with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels, achieves high sensitivity for the detection of early-stage pancreatic cancer.

Drawing inspiration from Hilbert’s list of 23 mathematical problems that have focused the mathematical community’s attention for more than a century, we propose fifteen grand AI challenges to focus the biomedical community’s attention on critically relevant questions, most of which still lack effective predictive methodologies.