arXiv:2510.10185v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models are increasingly being assembled into medical multi-agent systems that emulate multidisciplinary consultation through specialist roles, peer review and consensus formation. In clinical decision support, however, apparent consensus is not enough. Clinicians also need to know whether agents checked the evidence, addressed disagreement and kept uncertainty visible. Current evaluations largely score final accuracy, leaving the safety of the collaborative process untested. Here we introduce MedAgentAudit, a clinically grounded workflow audit framework for diagnosing and quantifying collaborative failure modes in medical multi-agent systems. From 3,600 execution logs, we derive an expert-validated taxonomy of ten recurrent failures spanning task comprehension, collaborative discussion, and synthesis and decision-making. We then deploy an expert-validated automated auditor as non-interventional probes across 14,400 cases, covering six multi-agent architectures, six medical text and vision datasets, and four large language model settings per modality. Across systems, collaboration yields uneven accuracy gains and frequent process failures. Unsupported observations affect 16.63% of cases and propagate downstream. In discussion, agents repeat initial views in 98.42% of cases rather than re-examining evidence, and fail to activate specialist reasoning in 42.73%. During synthesis, final answers often substitute authority or majority count for evidence checking, showing authority bias in 28.76% (rising from 35.30% to 68.75% across rounds), self-contradiction in 18.53%, contradiction neglect in 5.48% and minority suppression in 5.11%. MedAgentAudit reframes medical AI evaluation from output scoring to process-level safety and accountability, providing a practical foundation for transparent, auditable and clinician-supervised agentic systems in medicine.

arXiv:2512.00126v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Protein inverse folding, the design of an amino acid sequence based on a target protein structure, is a fundamental problem of computational protein engineering. Existing methods either generate sequences without leveraging external knowledge or relying on protein language models~(PLMs). The former omits the knowledge stored in natural protein data, while the latter is parameter-inefficient and inflexible to adapt to ever-growing protein data. To overcome the above drawbacks, in this paper we propose a novel method, called $\underline{\text{r}}$etrieval-$\underline{\text{a}}$ugmented $\underline{\text{d}}$enoising $\underline{\text{diff}}$usion~($\mbox{RadDiff}$), for protein inverse folding. In RadDiff, a novel retrieval-augmentation mechanism is designed to capture the up-to-date protein knowledge. We further design a knowledge-aware diffusion model that integrates this protein knowledge into the diffusion process via a lightweight module. Experimental results on the CATH, TS50, and PDB2022 datasets show that $\mbox{RadDiff}$ consistently outperforms existing methods, improving sequence recovery rate by up to 19\%. Experimental results also demonstrate that RadDiff generates highly foldable sequences and scales effectively with database size.