NVIDIA is using Palantir Foundry and cuOpt to automate its hardware supply chain allocation decisions across global manufacturing sites.

The company measures operational delivery from wafer-out to first token. This window splits into time-to-rack (the transit from fab output to an assembled data centre system) and time-to-token (which covers power, cooling, networking, and day-one software readiness.)

Managing NVL72 and Vera Rubin component flows

Hardware scaling has magnified supply constraints. An NVIDIA Grace Blackwell NVL72 rack contains 18 compute trays, with each tray requiring two Grace CPUs, four Blackwell GPUs, and 32 HBM3e memory packages sourced across thousands of suppliers, OEMs, and contract design partners.

The upcoming supply chain constructed for NVIDIA’s Vera Rubin architecture is twice as large as the network supporting Grace Blackwell.

Assembly cannot proceed until parts arrive from three designated channels: direct inventory, consignment stock, and external suppliers. Early shipments must wait on delayed components, extending the metric NVIDIA terms ‘Time of Ownership’ (the duration from when a facility receives materials to when finished sub-assemblies depart.)

Factory allocations are reworked weekly over rolling two-quarter horizons to resolve part availability, throughput limits, and customer fulfilment schedules.

Mixed-integer linear programming via cuOpt

To coordinate these dependencies, the NVIDIA operations team built the ‘Digital Supply Chain Intelligence’ command centre using Palantir Foundry. Foundry’s Ontology models facilities, supplier commits, component stocks, and production targets as interconnected objects and links.

NVIDIA cuOpt, an open-source library for GPU-accelerated decision optimisation, reads this operational layer directly. Formulating distribution as a mixed-integer linear program designed to minimise TOO, the solver evaluates parts constraints across every tier of the bill of materials.

Beyond outputting weekly delivery schedules, cuOpt identifies active factory limits, such as regional assembly capacity caps versus raw memory availability.

Training Nemotron on qualitative operational records

Mathematical optimisation alone failed to capture unstructured operational variables observed by human planners, including supplier call transcripts, regional weather forecasts, partner email exchanges, and geopolitical events.

NVIDIA addressed this by post-training Nemotron 3.5 Lightning, an open-weight mixture-of-experts model featuring 30 billion total parameters and approximately three billion active parameters per forward pass.

The engineering pipeline processes historical records through NeMo Anonymizer to redact sensitive operational fields, NeMo Data Designer to balance training examples with synthetic capacity disruption scenarios, and NeMo AutoModel to apply low-rank adaptation (LoRA) parameters while keeping base model weights frozen. Palantir Autopilot manages data lineage, model tracking, and recommendation delivery.

Production benchmarks and future reinforcement learning

Evaluated on historical allocation records, the post-trained Nemotron 3.5 Lightning model achieved 86.7 percent decision accuracy, compared to 55.5 percent for the larger Nemotron 3 Ultra model and 17.5 percent for the un-tuned Lightning base model.

The post-trained model achieved a 58.6 percent balanced accuracy and a 57.5 percent macro-F1 score, outperforming Nemotron 3 Ultra’s 42 percent balanced accuracy and 39.5 percent macro-F1 score.

Fine-tuning completed on two NVIDIA B200 GPUs within minutes. Domain fine-tuning improved allocation decisions, though production risk forecasting further into the future remained difficult.

Operational choices, planner revisions, overrides, and observed factory outputs are continuously written back to the Palantir Ontology.

NVIDIA confirmed this dataset will form preference pairs for reinforcement learning routines – scoring recommendations on allocation precision, policy compliance, and evidence grounding – with production models remaining strictly isolated from live and unmonitored retraining.

See also: Supply chains detect fast, act slow: How AI agents fix it

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Supply chain disruption cost businesses about $184 billion in 2025, according to the J.S. Held Global Risk Report, and most of that bill still buys faster detection, not faster action.

That figure is usually treated as weather (i.e. storms happen, costs follow.) Treated as a product specification instead, it highlights an operating model that can spot a problem hours or days earlier than it used to, and still cannot move until a person has opened a ticket, convened a call, and re-entered the same data into three systems.

Visibility platforms, control towers, risk scores, digital twins, and exception dashboards have defined the last decade of AI in the supply chain. That decade has been very good at collapsing the time between an event and awareness of it, but it has been far less good at collapsing the time between awareness and a commercial act.

Detection is a ‘solved-enough’ problem

Ask a chief supply chain officer where the AI budget went and the answer tends to follow a familiar list: demand sensing, ETA prediction, supplier risk scoring, inventory optimisation, and lane analytics. These tools work. Forecast error comes down. A vessel delay is flagged before the container misses the cut-off. A second-tier fab outage shows up on a heat map instead of in a customer email.

None of that accounts for the $184 billion. The bill is the interval after the flag: expedite or wait; split the order or accept the miss; retender the lane or pay the spot rate; consolidate two half-empty movements or ship both; swap ocean for air on the SKUs that actually justify the premium. These are bounded, repeatable decisions that sit inside policy, contract, and inventory limits the company already set—and they still queue behind a human inbox.

Surveys keep describing the same lag in different language. A 2026 Knosc survey of mid-market manufacturers and distributors found that supply-chain teams spend 28 percent of their working time responding to disruptions, most of it investigating what happened rather than changing what happens next.

Logistics executives still rank AI as a strategic priority (Capgemini’s 2025 research put an AI-driven “new-gen” supply chain among the top three technology trends for 70 percent of large-company executives) and then report that measurable financial impact remains rare. Gartner found in 2025 that only 23 percent of supply-chain organisations even have a formal AI strategy. The shortfall is not a shortage of models, but a shortage of authority granted to software.

The ticket is the product

Most current deployments are built around the ticket. The model produces a recommendation, the recommendation becomes an alert, the alert becomes a work item, and the work item waits for a planner already occupied with other work items. By the time the planner acts, the option set has narrowed—the alternative carrier’s capacity is gone, the consolidation window has closed, and the supplier’s next production slot is allocated.

That workflow is not a temporary step on the way to autonomy but the product companies bought. Vendors sold insight because insight is easy to demonstrate and easy to govern; action touches money, contracts, service levels, and blame. So the industry automated the part of the job that does not require a signature. FourKites and ABI Research reported in 2025 that only 27 percent of organisations allow AI to take autonomous action, while 52 percent confine it to decision support.

Adding another dashboard to a delayed shipment rarely moves EBITDA as a result. The decision cycle has not changed; it has only been decorated.

Bounded action as the next model

The firms set to take share are not the ones with the tidiest control tower but the ones that pre-authorise a narrow class of moves and let agents execute them while the exception is still cheap.

Retender a lane when the contracted carrier’s ETA slips beyond a threshold and a qualified alternate sits inside the approved rate band. Consolidate outbound waves when fill rates and cut-off times make a combined movement cheaper than two. Swap mode on a defined SKU set when the cost of air is lower than the cost of a missed retail window. Reallocate safety stock across two distribution centres when a forecast miss and a transport constraint line up.

None of that requires a strategy offsite. Each can be written as: if these conditions, then this action, within this spend cap, with this audit trail, and a human only if the case falls outside the fence. That is not a “lights-out” supply chain—it is the same discipline manufacturers already apply to machine control, where the agent may act inside the interlock and escalates outside it. The difference here is commercial rather than physical: the interlock is a policy object – category, supplier tier, mode, dollar limit, and service class – not a PLC.

Three conditions for real change

First, decisions have to be written as policies, not tribal knowledge. If the only place “we will pay air on A-items after 48 hours of ocean slip” lives is in a planner’s head, no agent can execute it. The work of the next two years is less model training than decision design: which moves are reversible, which are capped, and which suppliers and modes are pre-cleared.

Second, execution systems have to accept machine-initiated transactions. An agent that can draft an RFQ but cannot post it is still a detection tool. TMS, WMS, sourcing suites, and carrier APIs need to treat a bounded agent the way they treat a junior buyer with a spend limit—authenticated, logged, and reversible.

Third, accountability has to move with the action. If a retender inside policy goes wrong, the post-mortem should inspect the policy, the data, and the fence, not hunt for the person who “should have checked”. Until that cultural change happens, every agent will be designed to wait, because waiting is how careers survive.

The competitive split

For a while, both models will look alike on a slide—both will have AI, and both will have a control tower. The difference will show up in cycle time from detection to commercial act, and then in service and cost.

Companies that keep buying detection will know about the storm earlier. Companies that authorise bounded action will already have retendered the lane, consolidated the wave, and moved the A-items before the incident call is booked.

Disruption is not going away. Lead times in critical components, mode volatility, and multi-tier opacity are structural features of the network. What remains optional is whether the response waits for a human to open a queue. The product that created the lag was insight without authority. The product that ends it is an agent allowed to spend a little money, inside a fence, before anyone is free to look.

See also: JD.com expands physical AI in logistics with 3 million robots

Want to learn more about AI and big data from industry leaders? Check out AI & Big Data Expo taking place in Amsterdam, California, and London. The comprehensive event is part of TechEx and is co-located with other leading technology events including the Cyber Security & Cloud Expo. Click here for more information.

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CloudNC has secured $20 million in new capital to scale its AI precision machining technology across global supply chain networks.

The investment round was led by US venture investor Nimble Ventures, with participation from Calculus Venture Capital, Entrepreneur First, and LM Ventures, the venture capital fund of Lockheed Martin.

Founded in 2015, CloudNC operates from headquarters in London and an active production facility in Chelmsford. The company previously drew backing from Atomico and Episode 1 Ventures, alongside strategic partnerships with Autodesk and Lockheed Martin.

Precision component suppliers face pressures to balance tight engineering tolerances with compressed delivery schedules. CloudNC designs its lead software product, CAM Assist, to automate computer numerical control (CNC) programming—generating machining strategies and toolpaths from computer-aided manufacturing models to accelerate production runs.

Automating CNC programming for supplier networks

The software shortens the transition phase between technical part design and factory production, allowing machinists to increase physical component output.

CloudNC reports that CAM Assist is now active across more than 1,000 machine shops globally, including several hundred facilities in the US. Confirmed commercial users include Lockheed Martin and Major Tool and Machine.

Theo Saville, CEO and co-founder of CloudNC, said: “Machine shops everywhere are under pressure to quote and program faster, and deliver more with the people and machines they already have.

John Burbank, founder of Nimble Ventures, added that automated CNC workflows will support “massive increases in onshoring of manufacturing and global production” for precision industrial supply bases.

CloudNC says it will direct the capital injection into go-to-market operations, technical support infrastructure, and partner activity across international regions.

AI quoting targets procurement turnaround times

CloudNC is expanding its software line with Quote Agent, an AI-assisted estimating tool scheduled for release later in 2026.

Preparing job estimates represents a major operational drag for manufacturing suppliers. Evaluating incoming technical drawings, calculating cycle times, and establishing part pricing remains heavily manual, exposing supply shops to administrative delays or miscalculated margins once components enter physical production.

Quote Agent applies AI to early-stage costing, enabling suppliers to return customer bids rapidly while standardising cost estimations.

“Quote Agent is a natural next step for CloudNC as we seek to accelerate global machining with AI,” says Saville. “CAM Assist already helps machinists get parts onto machines faster; Quote Agent will help shops assess new work, prepare quotes more efficiently and respond to customers with greater confidence.”

“We believe our AI can make quoting faster, more consistent and more scalable, helping manufacturers win more of the right work while keeping expert judgement firmly in control,” Saville added.

Knox Systems partnership advances FedRAMP authorisation

CloudNC is collaborating with Knox Systems to achieve FedRAMP certification for CAM Assist.

The compliance roadmap aims to clear CAM Assist for deployment by US government departments, defence contractors, and aerospace manufacturers operating under federal data governance rules. 

Authorisation, if granted, will permit public-sector and defence suppliers to deploy automated toolpath generation across regulated production workloads.

See also: Samsung taps Mistral AI models for semiconductor manufacturing

Want to learn more about AI and big data from industry leaders? Check out AI & Big Data Expo taking place in Amsterdam, California, and London. The comprehensive event is part of TechEx and is co-located with other leading technology events including the Cyber Security & Cloud Expo. Click here for more information.

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Samsung has partnered with Mistral AI to deploy on-premises models across its semiconductor manufacturing and engineering operations.

The agreement was announced during the bilateral state summit held in Paris between South Korea and France. Samsung will integrate Mistral’s software suite – including its flagship Mistral Large model – into internal semiconductor facilities to build customised models for intelligence-driven factory infrastructure.

On-premises AI models for semiconductor fab infrastructure

The deployment relies on private enterprise installations to process sensitive engineering and operational records within Samsung’s computing perimeter. This architecture keeps proprietary technical data contained within company infrastructure, avoiding external cloud exposure while maintaining control over operational assets.

“Increasing complexities involved in AI chip design and manufacturing requires continuous innovation in semiconductor technologies,” says Young Hyun Jun, Vice Chairman and CEO of the Device Solutions (DS) Division at Samsung Electronics.

Mistral will provide Samsung with a specialised stack of software tools to assist in how processors are designed and produced.

“AI is reshaping how we build complex technologies, from silicon to software,” says Arthur Mensch, co-founder and CEO of Mistral.

“We are proud to support Samsung Electronics with our expertise in electronics and semiconductors, helping to improve how chips are designed and manufactured, and to accelerate technical progress across the global semiconductor and AI value chain.”

Defect detection and yield stabilisation

Samsung plans to deploy the targeted models directly to automated defect detection and fab machinery tuning. As semiconductor production processes advance, rapid data analysis inside the fab becomes necessary to maintain factory throughput.

The company expects targeted AI models to accelerate development cycles, improve manufacturing precision, and stabilise production yields across advanced memory and logic chips. The operational scope covers Samsung’s memory division, logic design units, and contract foundry business.

Samsung also led Mistral AI’s Series D funding round, securing a strategic equity stake to support long-term technical cooperation.

The lead investment expands cross-industry collaboration between silicon manufacturers and AI developers across advanced memory, logic, and foundry operations.

See also: Arm launches Total Design for Physical AI and robotics framework

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Arm has launched Arm Total Design for Physical AI alongside a new robotics framework to establish common standards across automated systems.

Physical industries – spanning mining, agriculture, manufacturing, and global transport – account for trillions of dollars in economic activity and an estimated $200 billion annual compute opportunity by the 2030s.

To address engineering fragmentation across these sectors, Arm is convening more than 80 partner organisations spanning software, hardware, and AI. Initial ecosystem participants include AWS, ECARX, Hugging Face, Liquid AI, NXP, PlusAI, PSYONIC, QNX, Qwen, Siemens, and Unitree Robotics.

The initiative targets physical systems that combine AI models, runtime software, compute silicon, sensors, and actuators to sense, reason, and act in operational environments. Hardware manufacturers and software developers require standardised baselines to reduce integration risk, optimise compute workloads, and move from proof-of-concept testing to deployment at scale.

Arm standardises capability tiers for robotics systems

Robotics currently lacks a common method to describe, compare, and communicate system capabilities, according to an architectural manifesto (PDF) published by Arm chief architect Richard Grisenthwaite. This fragmentation makes robotic systems harder to design, integrate, and scale across industrial deployments.

In response, Arm has introduced the Robotics Capability Framework as a collaborative starting point for a shared technical vocabulary, patterned after the SAE Levels used for driving automation.

Arm’s new framework categorises robotic systems across progressing tiers of operational sophistication, mapping machines from reactive setups to context-aware, cognitive, and self-improving systems.

Each capability tier links real-world use cases to machine behaviours, outputs, and hardware constraints. These criteria establish parameters for system latency, compute placement, memory allocation, power constraints, determinism, and safety standards.

Arm developed the initial baseline using feedback from across the robotics sector. Participating organisations contributing to the framework include Anaxi Labs, ANYbotics, FMC³ Robotics, Fourier, GALBOT, Gravis Robotics, Lenovo, McKinsey, and Robotec.ai.

Virtual platforms accelerate pre-silicon automotive physical AI development

Arm Total Design for Physical AI extends a collaborative development structure previously used for cloud AI infrastructure. The programme brings together AI models, virtual platforms, digital twins, sensors, compute silicon, and software stacks to enable earlier development and testing cycles.

Autonomous transport and robotics face common technical requirements across sensory perception, AI processing, real-time control, safety, and power-efficient compute. Arm demonstrated this collaborative methodology in the automotive sector alongside AWS, Google, HERE, RemotiveLabs, and Siemens.

The participating automotive companies developed an integrated digital cockpit reference solution. This environment enabled software engineering teams to develop, test, and validate complex automotive code on the Arm Zena CSS platform prior to physical silicon availability.

Arm is now soliciting technical contributions from the wider engineering community to expand the Robotics Capability Framework as physical AI implementations progress.

Learn more about physical AI during the Physical AI Expo held in Amsterdam, London, and North America.

See also: NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano 2 brings physical AI to drones and robots

Want to learn more about AI and big data from industry leaders? Check out AI & Big Data Expo taking place in Amsterdam, California, and London. The comprehensive event is part of TechEx and is co-located with other leading technology events including the Cyber Security & Cloud Expo. Click here for more information.

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OneRail has launched an AI-powered delivery platform that uses Nvidia technology to help retailers, wholesalers, and distributors decide how individual orders should be delivered.

Called OmniSTAR, the system evaluates options including owned fleets, couriers, parcel carriers, and other delivery modes, then selects the lowest-cost option that meets the required service level, according to OneRail.

The platform combines Nvidia’s cuOpt decision optimisation engine and cuDF data processing software with OneRail’s delivery pricing and performance data. Nvidia accelerated computing infrastructure is used to process the routing and delivery-mode calculations.

OneRail said the system can reduce computation times by as much as 10 times. A calculation that previously took 20 minutes can be completed in under two minutes, while a calculation taking a week can be reduced to about two days, according to the company.

OneRail said the shorter processing time allows the optimisation to run within live delivery operations, where multiple fulfilment options can be evaluated before an order is assigned.

“If you don’t have the ability to make lightning-fast decisions, you’re giving up margin,” Catania said in an interview with CNBC. “Last-mile fulfilment is expensive.”

From prediction to delivery decisions

OneRail’s broader AI systems use prediction and optimisation for different parts of the delivery process. The company said its machine-learning models estimate factors including service time, lateness risk, the probability of first-attempt delivery success, and expected price ranges.

OneRail said those predictions feed into optimisation systems that determine how an order should be executed. Separately, the company said OmniSTAR compares different fulfilment modes before selecting an option based on cost and service requirements.

Research on dynamic vehicle routing makes a similar distinction between predicting changing conditions and recalculating operational decisions as new information becomes available. A 2024 review in the European Journal of Operational Research identified travel-time prediction and real-time re-optimisation as separate areas of time-dependent routing research.

Nvidia cuOpt handles route optimisation

Nvidia describes cuOpt as an open-source, GPU-accelerated optimisation library for vehicle routing and other mathematical optimisation problems.

Nvidia’s documentation shows that cuOpt can account for vehicle costs, capacities, travel times, operating windows, starting locations, and other restrictions when calculating routes. Its cost models can also use distance, time, monetary cost, or a weighted combination of those measures.

OmniSTAR applies cuOpt to both routing and delivery-mode selection. OneRail said this allows the system to compare available fulfilment options for an order and identify the lowest-cost option that still meets its service requirements.

OneRail said many retailers still rely on static rules or manual planning when making these decisions, and that OmniSTAR is designed to evaluate more delivery combinations within shorter operational timeframes.

Nvidia said cuOpt does not exhaustively test every possible route. Instead, the solver generates candidate solutions and iteratively improves them using GPU-accelerated heuristics to produce high-quality results within a set computation time.

The platform also uses Nvidia cuDF, a GPU-accelerated library for tabular data processing, including filtering, joining, and aggregating datasets.

OneRail combines those capabilities with its own delivery data and operational models. Its dataset is based on millions of deliveries across a network that the company said includes more than 12 million drivers and over 1,000 logistics partners.

The data covers pricing and delivery performance across different transportation modes. OneRail said OmniSTAR can use the information to identify delivery rules that increase costs and assess how delivery choices affect item-level profitability.

The architecture disclosed for OmniSTAR centres on GPU-accelerated data processing and mathematical optimisation. Nvidia describes cuOpt as the optimisation component used for problems including vehicle routing.

Because cuOpt is stateless, changes in operating conditions require the optimisation problem to be modelled and submitted again. Nvidia cites vehicle breakdowns, driver absences, road blockages, traffic, and new high-priority orders as examples of changes that can prompt this type of dynamic reoptimisation.

OneRail said OmniSTAR can rerun delivery scenarios as variables including fuel costs, weather, and shipping conditions change. The company has separately said its use of cuOpt allows it to evaluate more routing scenarios and recalculate routes faster than its previous approach.

OmniSTAR moves into live operations

OmniSTAR is already deployed with selected enterprise customers.

At US Foods, OneRail said the system identified delivery configurations that were reducing margins, including low-margin products being transported long distances using higher-cost equipment. US Foods subsequently used the findings to adjust pricing and restructure some delivery patterns, according to OneRail.

OneRail also told CNBC that an unnamed large tire distributor using the platform achieved $40 million in run-rate savings over three years. The customer was not identified, and the savings figure was provided by OneRail. The company also told CNBC that it expects OmniSTAR to exceed $6 billion in gross merchandise volume during the fourth quarter of 2026.

CNBC reported that OneRail and Nvidia had worked on the project for three years before its launch. OneRail said the collaboration included direct engagement with Nvidia’s cuOpt engineering team on last-mile delivery and large-scale logistics optimisation, alongside its participation in the Nvidia Inception programme.

In March this year, FedEx launched FedEx SameDay Local in collaboration with OneRail, connecting customers to a national network of more than 1,000 delivery providers.

(Photo by Brecht Corbeel)

See also: A quarter of Nvidia’s business next year comes from labs it is financing

Want to learn more about AI and big data from industry leaders? Check out AI & Big Data Expo taking place in Amsterdam, California, and London. The comprehensive event is part of TechEx and is co-located with other leading technology events, click here for more information.

AI News is powered by TechForge Media. Explore other upcoming enterprise technology events and webinars here.

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