CSF clearance through arachnoid fenestrations to olfactory meningeal lymphatics
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) crosses arachnoid fenestrations near the olfactory bulbs to reach dural lymphatics that traverse the cribriform plate, connect to nasal lymphatics, and drain to cervical lymph nodes. Aging impairs this pathway, but intranasal VEGF-C restores the lymphatics and the CSF outflow.