❌

Reading view

AsyncFlow: An Asynchronous Streaming RL Framework for Efficient LLM Post-Training

arXiv:2507.01663v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a pivotal technology in the post-training phase of large language models (LLMs). Traditional task-collocated RL frameworks suffer from significant scalability bottlenecks, while task-separated RL frameworks face challenges in managing complex dataflows and resolving resource idling. Furthermore, most existing frameworks are tightly coupled with LLM training or inference engines, making them difficult to support custom-designed engines. To address these challenges, we propose AsyncFlow, an asynchronous streaming RL framework tailored for efficient post-training. Specifically, we introduce a distributed data storage and transfer module that provides panoramic data management and fine-grained scheduling capabilities in a fully streamed manner. This architecture inherently enables automated pipeline overlapping among RL tasks and dynamic load-balancing. Moreover, we propose an asynchronous producer-consumer workflow, which is engineered to minimize computational idleness by strategically deferring the parameter update process within staleness thresholds. Finally, the core capabilities of AsyncFlow are architecturally decoupled from underlying training and inference engines and encapsulated by service-oriented user interfaces, offering a modular and customizable user experience. Extensive experiments demonstrate an average throughput of 1.59x compared to the state-of-the-art baseline. The architecture presented in this work provides actionable insights for designing next-generation RL training systems.
  •  

FDX1 as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer

Clin Exp Med. 2026 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s10238-026-02160-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The prognostic values of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis (GCLM), especially in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), remain unclear. We analyzed the expression, mutation, immunity, drug sensitivity, and prognostic value of CRGs in GCLM using TCGA and GEO cohorts. Consensus clustering was performed to identify CRG subtypes, with differences characterized by multi-omics analysis. A CRG-based prognostic risk score and immune score were constructed for individualized assessment, and the role of CRGs was validated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Consensus clustering revealed that CRGs were significantly enriched in biological processes related to mitosis and energy metabolism, as well as in immune-related and cancer-associated pathways. Four distinct CRG subtypes were identified, showing marked differences in expression profiles, prognosis, genetic alterations, TIME, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. We developed an exploratory CRG-based prognostic risk score for preliminary individualized assessment, and the functional relevance of CRGs in GCLM was further validated through in vitro experiments. Among these, FDX1, LIAS, DLAT, MTF1, and GLS were identified as key determinants of overall survival in patients with GCLM, with FDX1 emerging as a potential independent prognostic factor. Notably, upregulation of FDX1 significantly suppressed lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer cells in a mouse popliteal lymph node metastasis model. Our data uncovers FDX1 might be a potential favorable prognostic factors in GCLM patients. These findings may improve our understanding of CRGs in GCLM and provide new in-sights for assessing prognosis and developing more effective treatment strategies.

PMID:42107026 | DOI:10.1007/s10238-026-02160-0

  •  

A Data-driven Approach for Biomarker Discovery based on U-centered Distance Correlation Network: Multi-omics Warning Signals for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2026 Mar 27. doi: 10.2174/0113862073445368260131002109. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cases. Alterations in metabolic activities play important roles in NSCLC development, wherein related genes and metabolites interact with each other, involving multiple forms.

METHODS: To comprehensively understand the pathogenic mechanisms and improve the performance of clinical early, precise diagnosis, this study proposed a data-driven approach for biomarker discovery based on U-centered distance correlation network (DCN) to investigate NSCLC metabolism-related reactions. In DCN, changes in molecular relationships during NSCLC initiation and progression are measured using the t-statistics of U-centered distance correlation for network construction, in which prospective warning signals representing NSCLC onset can be identified without human intervention. Additionally, the network construction criterion in DCN can precisely and effectively capture both linear and nonlinear molecular relationships in simple and biologically relevant manners.

RESULTS: DCN was successfully employed to analyze NSCLC metabolism-related metabolomics and genomics datasets. Statistical analyses confirmed that compared with other algorithms, the gene and metabolite biomarker panels identified by DCN provided more reliable diagnostic capabilities for clinical NSCLC detection. Biological analyses revealed that disturbed energy metabolism and lipid metabolism occurred during tumor cell proliferation and growth in NSCLC patients.

DISCUSSION: The gene ASPA and metabolite aspartic acid were significantly decreased in NSCLC samples, suggesting that the corresponding amino acid metabolic activities were intricately linked to NSCLC progression.

CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that DCN can further facilitate NSCLC studies to improve clinical outcomes in patients.

PMID:41937706 | DOI:10.2174/0113862073445368260131002109

  •  

A Data-driven Approach for Biomarker Discovery based on U-centered Distance Correlation Network: Multi-omics Warning Signals for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2026 Mar 27. doi: 10.2174/0113862073445368260131002109. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cases. Alterations in metabolic activities play important roles in NSCLC development, wherein related genes and metabolites interact with each other, involving multiple forms.

METHODS: To comprehensively understand the pathogenic mechanisms and improve the performance of clinical early, precise diagnosis, this study proposed a data-driven approach for biomarker discovery based on U-centered distance correlation network (DCN) to investigate NSCLC metabolism-related reactions. In DCN, changes in molecular relationships during NSCLC initiation and progression are measured using the t-statistics of U-centered distance correlation for network construction, in which prospective warning signals representing NSCLC onset can be identified without human intervention. Additionally, the network construction criterion in DCN can precisely and effectively capture both linear and nonlinear molecular relationships in simple and biologically relevant manners.

RESULTS: DCN was successfully employed to analyze NSCLC metabolism-related metabolomics and genomics datasets. Statistical analyses confirmed that compared with other algorithms, the gene and metabolite biomarker panels identified by DCN provided more reliable diagnostic capabilities for clinical NSCLC detection. Biological analyses revealed that disturbed energy metabolism and lipid metabolism occurred during tumor cell proliferation and growth in NSCLC patients.

DISCUSSION: The gene ASPA and metabolite aspartic acid were significantly decreased in NSCLC samples, suggesting that the corresponding amino acid metabolic activities were intricately linked to NSCLC progression.

CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that DCN can further facilitate NSCLC studies to improve clinical outcomes in patients.

PMID:41937706 | DOI:10.2174/0113862073445368260131002109

  •  

Sparse but Critical: A Token-Level Analysis of Distributional Shifts in RLVR Fine-Tuning of LLMs

arXiv:2603.22446v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has significantly improved reasoning in large language models (LLMs), yet the token-level mechanisms underlying these improvements remain unclear. We present a systematic empirical study of RLVR's distributional effects organized around three main analyses: (1) token-level characterization of distributional shifts between base and RL models, (2) the impact of token-level distributional shifts on sequence-level reasoning performance through cross-sampling interventions, and (3) fine-grained mechanics of these shifts at the token level. We find that RL fine-tuning induces highly sparse and targeted changes, with only a small fraction of token distributions exhibiting meaningful divergence between the base and RL policies. We further characterize the structure and evolution of these shifts through analyses of token entropy, positional concentration, and reallocation of probability mass. To assess the functional importance of these sparse changes, we conduct cross-sampling experiments that selectively swap token choices between the base and RL models with varying intervention budgets. We show that inserting only a small fraction of RL-sampled tokens into base generations progressively recovers RL performance gains, while injecting a similarly small number of base token choices into otherwise RL-generated sequences collapses performance to base levels, isolating a small set of token-level decisions directly responsible for RLVR's performance gains. Finally, we explore divergence-weighted variants of the advantage signal as a diagnostic intervention, finding that they can yield improvements over baselines. Together, our results shed light on the distributional changes induced by RLVR and provide a fine-grained, token-level lens for understanding RLVR fine-tuning as a targeted refinement process.
  •  

An Accurate and Interpretable Framework for Trustworthy Process Monitoring

arXiv:2302.10426v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Trustworthy process monitoring seeks to build an accurate and interpretable monitoring framework, which is critical for ensuring the safety of energy conversion plant (ECP) that operates under extreme working conditions such as high pressure and temperature. Contemporary self-attentive models, however, fall short in this domain for two main reasons. First, they rely on step-wise correlations that fail to involve physically meaningful semantics in ECP logs, resulting in suboptimal accuracy and interpretability. Second, attention matrices are frequently cluttered with spurious correlations that obscure physically meaningful ones, further impeding effective interpretation. To overcome these issues, we propose AttentionMixer, a framework aimed at improving both accuracy and interpretability of existing methods and establish a trustworthy ECP monitoring framework. Specifically, to tackle the first issue, we employ a spatial adaptive message passing block to capture variate-wise correlations. This block is coupled with a temporal adaptive message passing block through an \textit{mixing} operator, yielding a multi-faceted representation of ECP logs accounting for both step-wise and variate-wise correlations. Concurrently, to tackle the second issue, we employ a sparse message passing regularizer to filter out spurious correlations. We validate the efficacy of AttentionMixer using two real-world datasets from the radiation monitoring network for Chinese nuclear power plants.
  •  
❌