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Berry-derived gold nanoparticles induce integrated ROS-mediated apoptosis, immune modulation, and transcriptomic remodeling in 4T1 triple-negative cancer cells

Cell Death Discovery, Published online: 10 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41420-026-03023-z

Berry-derived gold nanoparticles induce integrated ROS-mediated apoptosis, immune modulation, and transcriptomic remodeling in 4T1 triple-negative cancer cells
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Predicting bilingual aphasia treatment outcomes using digital twins: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 10 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02583-9

Predicting bilingual aphasia treatment outcomes using digital twins: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
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The importance of competition and facilitation for global tree diversity

Nature, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10349-2

Across 17 forest plots (2.7 million trees, 5,400 species), competition dominated overall, but facilitation was relatively stronger near the equator and declined towards higher latitudes, partly linked to temperature, legumes, mycorrhizal associations and canopy nursing effect.
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DNA damage drives antigen diversification in <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>

Nature, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10337-6

An in vitro toolkit for studying VSG diversification defines key molecular requirements underlying the formation of mosaic VSGs, providing an experimental framework for the exploration of antigen diversification in Trypanosoma brucei and in other pathogenic microorganisms.
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Single-cell spatiotemporal dissection of the human maternal–fetal interface

Nature, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10316-x

A single-cell multiomic atlas of the human maternal–fetal interface across pregnancy reveals cell types, states and spatial niches, developmental tissue architectures and transcriptional programmes, and identifies cell types with roles in pre-eclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth and miscarriage.
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High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CMS experiment

Nature, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10168-5

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.
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Mummified early Permian reptile reveals ancient amniote breathing apparatus

Nature, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10307-y

A mummified fossil of the early Permian reptile Captorhinus reveals the potential ancestral amniote breathing mechanism and its impact on terrestrial vertebrate evolution.
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Multiomics and deep learning dissect regulatory syntax in human development

Nature, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10326-9

The Human Development Multiomic Atlas catalogues single-cell accessibility and gene expression data from human fetal cells across 12 organs, enabling the inference of syntactic rules for motifs that govern cell-type-specific transcription factor binding and chromatin accessibility during human development.
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Population-scale repeat expansions elucidate disease risk and brain atrophy

Nature, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10345-6

Decreased brain volumes and increased NfL levels can be observed earlier than disease diagnosis in short-tandem-repeat-associated neurological diseases.
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Decocted Experience Improves Test-Time Inference in LLM Agents

arXiv:2604.04373v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: There is growing interest in improving LLMs without updating model parameters. One well-established direction is test-time scaling, where increased inference-time computation (e.g., longer reasoning, sampling, or search) is used to improve performance. However, for complex reasoning and agentic tasks, naively scaling test-time compute can substantially increase cost and still lead to wasted budget on suboptimal exploration. In this paper, we explore \emph{context} as a complementary scaling axis for improving LLM performance, and systematically study how to construct better inputs that guide reasoning through \emph{experience}. We show that effective context construction critically depends on \emph{decocted experience}. We present a detailed analysis of experience-augmented agents, studying how to derive context from experience, how performance scales with accumulated experience, what characterizes good context, and which data structures best support context construction. We identify \emph{decocted experience} as a key mechanism for effective context construction: extracting essence from experience, organizing it coherently, and retrieving salient information to build effective context. We validate our findings across reasoning and agentic tasks, including math reasoning, web browsing, and software engineering.
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Generative Chemical Language Models for Energetic Materials Discovery

arXiv:2604.03304v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The discovery of new energetic materials remains a pressing challenge hindered by limited availability of high-quality data. To address this, we have developed generative molecular language models that have been pretrained on extensive chemical data and then fine-tuned with curated energetic materials datasets. This transfer-learning strategy extends the chemical language model capabilities beyond the pharmacological space in which they have been predominantly developed, offering a framework applicable to other data-spare discovery problems. Furthermore, we discuss the benefits of fragment-based molecular encodings for chemical language models, in particular in constructing synthetically accessible structures. Together, these advances provide a foundation for accelerating the design of next-generation energetic materials with demanding performance requirements.
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An Improved Last-Iterate Convergence Rate for Anchored Gradient Descent Ascent

arXiv:2604.03782v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We analyze the last-iterate convergence of the Anchored Gradient Descent Ascent algorithm for smooth convex-concave min-max problems. While previous work established a last-iterate rate of $\mathcal{O}(1/t^{2-2p})$ for the squared gradient norm, where $p \in (1/2, 1)$, it remained an open problem whether the improved exact $\mathcal{O}(1/t)$ rate is achievable. In this work, we resolve this question in the affirmative. This result was discovered autonomously by an AI system capable of writing formal proofs in Lean. The Lean proof can be accessed at https://github.com/google-deepmind/formal-conjectures/pull/3675/commits/a13226b49fd3b897f4c409194f3bcbeb96a08515
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