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AsyncFlow: An Asynchronous Streaming RL Framework for Efficient LLM Post-Training
Dynamic Expert Quantization for Scalable Mixture-of-Experts Inference
An engineered nanopore identifies saccharides, amino acids, peptides and ribonucleotides
Nature Biotechnology, Published online: 14 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41587-026-03308-9
Modified nanopore simultaneously identifies diverse biomolecules and their modifications.Advanced and underlying therapeutic strategies in transformed small cell lung cancer
Front Med (Lausanne). 2026 Aug 27;13:1865050. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1865050. eCollection 2026.
ABSTRACT
Transformed small-cell lung cancer (T-SCLC) is a clinically important form of histologic transformation and a mechanism of acquired resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is associated with poor prognosis, with a median overall survival of only about 9-13 months. This review summarizes recent advances in the mechanisms, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of T-SCLC. Repeat biopsy remains the gold standard for confirming histologic transformation, whereas molecular profiling and liquid biopsy may facilitate early detection and longitudinal disease monitoring. Platinum-etoposide remains the most commonly used clinical standard after transformation, but its benefit is typically transient and durable disease control remains uncommon. Continuation of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with chemotherapy may prolong progression-free survival in selected patients but has not consistently improved overall survival. Anti-angiogenic therapy, particularly anlotinib, and chemo-immunotherapy have shown encouraging activity in selected patients, while emerging strategies targeting DLL3, MYC, SOX2, and epigenetic regulators may broaden the therapeutic landscape. Prospective studies integrating repeat tissue sampling, comprehensive genomic profiling, biomarker-guided patient stratification, pharmacogenomics, functional drug-sensitivity testing where feasible, and integrated multi-omics approaches are needed to advance molecularly guided and individualized treatment for T-SCLC.
PMID:42724635 | PMC:PMC13560167 | DOI:10.3389/fmed.2026.1865050
Advanced and underlying therapeutic strategies in transformed small cell lung cancer
Front Med (Lausanne). 2026 Aug 27;13:1865050. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1865050. eCollection 2026.
ABSTRACT
Transformed small-cell lung cancer (T-SCLC) is a clinically important form of histologic transformation and a mechanism of acquired resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is associated with poor prognosis, with a median overall survival of only about 9-13 months. This review summarizes recent advances in the mechanisms, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of T-SCLC. Repeat biopsy remains the gold standard for confirming histologic transformation, whereas molecular profiling and liquid biopsy may facilitate early detection and longitudinal disease monitoring. Platinum-etoposide remains the most commonly used clinical standard after transformation, but its benefit is typically transient and durable disease control remains uncommon. Continuation of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with chemotherapy may prolong progression-free survival in selected patients but has not consistently improved overall survival. Anti-angiogenic therapy, particularly anlotinib, and chemo-immunotherapy have shown encouraging activity in selected patients, while emerging strategies targeting DLL3, MYC, SOX2, and epigenetic regulators may broaden the therapeutic landscape. Prospective studies integrating repeat tissue sampling, comprehensive genomic profiling, biomarker-guided patient stratification, pharmacogenomics, functional drug-sensitivity testing where feasible, and integrated multi-omics approaches are needed to advance molecularly guided and individualized treatment for T-SCLC.
PMID:42724635 | PMC:PMC13560167 | DOI:10.3389/fmed.2026.1865050
Baseline cellular state shapes the molecular impact of mutant KRAS alleles in reconstituted pancreatic cancer cells
Mol Omics. 2026 Sep 10:aaiag022. doi: 10.1093/molecular-omics/aaiag022. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
KRAS is mutated in over 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), where hotspot alterations in codons 12, 13, and 61 drive tumor initiation and progression. Although distinct biochemical properties have been described for individual KRAS mutants, whether they generate unique allele-specific signaling programs in PDAC cells remains unresolved. Here, we systematically interrogated the molecular consequences of seven common KRAS mutant variants in reconstituted isogenic, KRAS-deficient PDAC cell lines by integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic profiling. We found that baseline cellular state, rather than allele identity, was the predominant driver of molecular variation. Comparisons with established KRAS reference signatures revealed significant but moderate overlap at the mRNA level and less so at the proteome level. Pathway analyses highlighted interferon response and mitochondrial translation-related proteins as recurrently altered across mutant alleles, while phosphoproteomic data confirmed robust ERK1/2 activity and suppression of DYRK kinase substrates by mutant KRAS expression. Importantly, no robust mutant allele-specific molecular programs were identified in our KRAS-reconstituted cell lines. Together, our study establishes a comprehensive multi-omics resource for KRAS signaling in PDAC and demonstrates that cellular context exerts a stronger influence than allele identity in shaping molecular profiles, with implications for interpreting putative allele-specific signaling dependencies.
PMID:42720273 | DOI:10.1093/molecular-omics/aaiag022
Impact of LLM-supported patient education on patient perspectives and patient-reported outcomes: a mixed-methods systematic review
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 10 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41746-026-03228-7
Impact of LLM-supported patient education on patient perspectives and patient-reported outcomes: a mixed-methods systematic reviewTargeting the MNK1-MYH9 axis blocks YAP1 recruitment to prevent thrombosis and platelet activation-induced NETosis
Switchable single-atom catalysts for highly selective C–C coupling in direct methane oxidation
Nature Nanotechnology, Published online: 07 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41565-026-02271-5
Single copper atoms on boron nanosheets dynamically and reversibly switch to clusters, enabling the direct conversion of methane to acetic acid with 97% selectivity and high activity without the requirement for carbon monoxide.PACE: Perceived-Latency-Aware Cascading Service Routing and Filler Control for QoE-Efficient Retrieval-Augmented Dialogue Serving
EvolveScaler: Synthesizing Information-Evolution Contexts via Executable State Machines and Natural-Language Rendering
The RNA-binding protein La/SSB is associated with HNSCC progression and TFAP2C/FSCN1-linked transcriptional regulation
Oncogene, Published online: 03 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41388-026-03959-7
The RNA-binding protein La/SSB is associated with HNSCC progression and TFAP2C/FSCN1-linked transcriptional regulation