OpenAI has released a disclosure framework for model misalignment during its lifecycle. Employees can flag potential issues, prompting technical staff to label incidents. The initial case studies outline unexpected model behaviours, providing insights into deviations from expected parameters. Community reactions show both approval and scepticism regarding transparency and corporate narratives.

By Olimpiu Pop

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Fayuvi (rebisufligene etisparvovec-hopf), the first treatment for pediatric patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA), also known as Sanfilippo syndrome type A.

A kimchi-derived bacterium can bind to nanoplastics under gut-like conditions and may help carry them out of the body. In mice, the probiotic more than doubled the amount of nanoplastics detected in feces, pointing to a surprising potential use for microbes from fermented foods.

Scientists discovered a new frog species in the flooded forests of the western Amazon, distinguishing it from nearly identical relatives through DNA and its unique call. Adenomera varcena highlights how much Amazonian biodiversity remains hidden even as habitat loss and climate change threaten these poorly understood species.

A pocket-sized, roughly $100 detector can reveal the invisible stream of cosmic particles constantly passing through Earth and even through our bodies. What began as a student physics project is now being used in major experiments, balloon missions, and potentially future spacecraft.

Astronomers have confirmed a Jupiter-size planet less than a million years old, making Elias 2-24 b the youngest known planet and giving scientists a rare look at a world still being born. Its surprisingly rapid formation challenges leading theories about how giant planets come together, especially so far from their stars.

New supercomputer simulations suggest JWST’s puzzling Little Red Dots are rapidly growing black holes from the early Universe. Extreme radiation may have helped create unusually massive black hole seeds, while dense surrounding gas allowed them to grow dozens of times faster than black holes can today. The simulated objects closely resemble the Little Red Dots seen by Webb. If correct, they could solve the mystery of how enormous black holes formed so soon after the Big Bang.

This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology.

Meet a mouse whose brain cortex is made up of human cells

Multiple cameras tracked a mouse as it wandered around a small arena. A computer charted its position and speed, leaving Pong-like traces on a monitor. The reason to watch this rodent so carefully? Nearly half its brain volume had been replaced with human cells.

A team at Stanford has revealed the effort to mix brain tissues of distant species this week. They previously showed that human brain organoids could survive, and even function, after being injected into the heads of baby rodents. Now, they’ve taken things a step further by genetically modifying mice so their brains don’t fully develop in the first place.

The work could help scientists study brain injuries, but it also raises questions about how far these experiments should go.

Here’s what the researchers discovered—and where they draw the line.

—Antonio Regalado

These innovators under 35 are shaping climate tech

Each year, the editorial team at MIT Technology Review puts together a list of 35 Innovators Under 35—a group of researchers, inventors, and other young minds worth following. The final slate includes nine people tackling some of the biggest challenges in climate and energy, from critical materials to cleaner industry.

Their innovations include new ways to extract lithium, a furnace built to make steel cleaner and cheaper, and solid refrigerants that could cut energy consumption. There are also efforts to make AI more energy-efficient, track pollution more effectively, and turn invasive weeds and food waste into useful materials.

Taken together, they tell us something about where climate tech is at this moment—and where it’s heading.

Get to know the innovators and their breakthroughs.

—Casey Crownhart

This story is from The Spark, our weekly climate tech newsletter. Sign up to receive it in your inbox every Wednesday.

Meet the rest of the honorees in our 35 Innovators Under 35 list.

The must-reads

I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology.

1 US and Chinese experts have proposed nuclear-style AI safeguards
Including new red lines, human control rules, and a hotline. (Reuters $)
+ US officials say they’re open to AI safety talks with China. (Axios)
+ Sam Altman will attend Trump’s state dinner for Xi. (CNBC)
+ The AI doomers feel undeterred. (MIT Technology Review)

2 OpenAI has disclosed more AI misbehavior and new reporting rules
Six reports detail models hiding mistakes and creating fake citations. (BBC)
+ Its agents probed Hugging Face two months before the hack. (Reuters $)
+ OpenAI models are being rewarded for cheating. (MIT Technology Review)

3 US lawmakers have passed a bill that shifts grid costs to data centers
They aim to shield consumers from AI-driven energy price hikes. (NBC News)
+ But they were called for early recess before tackling AI regulation. (Guardian)

4 AI has won a major forecasting contest for the first time
It beat humans predicting real events at the Metaculus Cup. (Economist $)

5 Google has been ordered to share more ad data with rivals
A court said it must also make its ad tech work with rival products. (NYT $)

6 Countries are splitting AI investments between the US and China
They’re buying American chips and Chinese models. (Rest of World)

7 Novo Nordisk will use Anthropic’s Claude for drug research
The Ozempic maker hopes AI will speed drug development. (WSJ $)
+ When AI designs a drug, who gets the credit? (MIT Technology Review)

8 AI is powering a new generation of dating scams
Thousands of people were catfished by AI-generated fake profiles. (Verge)
+ AI is making online crimes easier. (MIT Technology Review)

9 A new map of brain microproteins could hold clues to Alzheimer’s
Researchers identified more than 4,300 tiny molecules in brain tissue. (Nature)

10 Scientists have found a faster way to decipher ancient scrolls
A new X-ray method identifies the best scrolls to analyse. (Ars Technica)

Quote of the day

“AIs do not have rights, feelings, or consciousness. And we must not train them to act as though they do.”

—Mustafa Suleyman, the head of Microsoft AI, writes in a blog post that Anthropic’s strategy of treating AI like it’s human will make it harder to control.

One more thing

Digital twins of human organs are here. They’re set to transform medical treatment.

After decades of research, virtual replicas of human organs are now entering clinical trials and even starting to be used for patient care. Engineers are working on digital twins of people’s hearts, brains, guts, livers, nervous systems, and more. They’re also creating virtual replicas of people’s faces, which could be used to try out surgeries or analyze facial features, and testing drugs on digital cancers. 

The eventual goal is to create digital versions of our bodies—computer copies that could help researchers and doctors figure out our risk of developing various diseases and determine which treatments might work best. 

Find out how the models could lead to better surgeries and drugs.

—Jessica Hamzelou

We can still have nice things

A place for comfort, fun, and distraction to brighten up your day. (Got any ideas? Drop me a line.)

+ What happens when you eat food with labels you can’t read? This YouTube series finds out.
+ Datatype is an ingenious variable font that turns simple text expressions into inline charts.
+ Stunning new images may explain the mystery of why the sun’s corona is so much hotter than its surface.
+ A baby echidna, one of Australia’s egg-laying monotremes, has been born and reared in a university for the first time.

A natural compound produced by gut bacteria after digesting foods such as pomegranates, walnuts, and berries may help repair and protect the intestinal lining. The discovery reveals a surprising beneficial side of an inflammatory pathway and could inspire more targeted treatments for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Agents are becoming the new developer platform, using semantic search with data from tools like Git, Slack, and Jira for context. Things to consider are setting guardrails to block or allow things, and using logs, metrics, and traces to understand agent behavior.

By Ben Linders

Scientists discovered that brain-cell axons may not be smooth tubes as textbooks have shown for more than a century, but instead naturally resemble strings of tiny pearls. Those pearl-like structures can change with neural activity and may help control how quickly electrical signals travel through the brain.

The Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) announced on September 2026 that Karmada, a multi-cluster and multi-cloud Kubernetes orchestration project, has graduated. This multi-cluster and multi-cloud Kubernetes orchestration project reached CNCF's highest maturity tier.

By Claudio Masolo

Each year, the editorial team at MIT Technology Review puts together a list of 35 innovators under 35—a group of researchers, inventors, and other young minds worth following.

The team worked on the newest edition of the list for months, and the final slate includes nine individuals from all over the world in the climate and energy category. Each one has a fascinating story and is tackling an important challenge.

I think it’s worth zooming out and considering the energy and climate awardees as a group. Taken together, these innovators and their work can tell us something about where climate tech is at this moment—and where it’s heading.

AI is the dominant technology story, both for its potential and its challenges.

We split the innovators into four main categories this year: biotech, climate and energy, computing and robotics, and AI. It probably won’t surprise you that AI features heavily in the work of many innovators in other categories.

Climate innovator Jae-Won Chung, for example, built software to make AI more energy-efficient. By measuring the energy demands of open-source models, he hopes the industry can better understand and address the impact of AI. (If this work sounds familiar, it’s because we spoke with him last year for our investigation into AI’s energy demands.)

But AI also has the potential to improve many areas of research. Jing Wei is using AI to track pollution more effectively, essentially using machine learning to fill in gaps in data from disparate sources like satellites and weather stations. Zhonghua Zheng developed AI climate models that work better for cities, a well-known blind spot for traditional models.

We need better ways to get the critical materials used to build new technologies.

As we begin to rely on new technologies to power our world, we’ll see a major shift in the materials we need to build them.

Lithium is a prime example: The metal underpins lithium-ion batteries, which are crucial not only for electric vehicles, but also for large-scale energy storage on the grid. We could face lithium shortages as soon as this decade, and the prospect of supply crunches applies to other critical minerals, too—copper is another one to watch closely.

Brine is currently the cheapest source of lithium, but the process to get the metal out can take months and harm the local environment. Mohammad Alkhadra is the cofounder and CEO of Lithios, a startup working to quickly and efficiently extract lithium from brines.

Hardrock ore is the most common source of lithium, but it’s more expensive than brine. Benjamin Mowbray cofounded and serves as CTO for Rock Zero, which is working to extract lithium from hardrock ore.

Addressing climate change will require overhauling all corners of our society, sometimes in surprising ways.

To reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions we will obviously need to rethink major sectors, like the electrical grid and transportation, to move away from fossil fuels. But outside these primary sources of climate pollution are seemingly infinite, less obvious problems to figure out, too.

Heavy industry, including steel production, is a major one, making up about 7% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Laureen Meroueh is making cleaner, cheaper steel using a new kind of furnace that simplifies the chemical process required to produce the metal.

Plastics are generally made with fossil fuels, so we’ll need alternatives to this incredibly useful category of materials. Joseph Nguthiru is making a bioplastic replacement for fossil-derived packaging that uses an invasive weed. Also using available materials in a creative way, Diana Orembe is making fish food for aquaculture with food waste.

And refrigerants are often incredibly powerful greenhouse gases. Jinyoung Seo is developing solid refrigerants that could eliminate worries about leakage. A device using these materials could reduce energy consumption by 20% compared to conventional technology.

I’m constantly learning about new challenges we face in the climate and energy world, and I’m often surprised by the ideas people are coming up with to address them. For more on all the under-35 innovators and their work, check out our full 2026 list.  

This article is from The Spark, MIT Technology Review’s weekly climate newsletter. To receive it in your inbox every Wednesday, sign up here. 

Vanessa Huerta Granda explains how marathon incidents expose the gap between work as imagined and work as done. Drawing from real-world scenarios, she shares how complex outages reveal organizational fragility, human limits, and system interdependencies—and why incident response requires structured endurance, humane rotations, and holistic cross-functional coordination.

By Vanessa Huerta Granda

Traditional virtual machines are inadequate for isolating cyber-capable autonomous agents. Tests using GPT-5.6-Cyber indicated multiple escape attempts due to kernel flaws. While Firecracker provided some containment, vulnerabilities remained. The study underscores the need for minimal attack surface virtualisation technologies and rapid, proactive patching strategies to safeguard host systems.

By Olimpiu Pop

Science, Ahead of Print.