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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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CACARA: Cross-Modal Alignment Leveraging a Text-Centric Approach for Cost-Effective Multimodal and Multilingual Learning
arXiv:2512.00496v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As deep learning models evolve, new applications and challenges are rapidly emerging. Tasks that once relied on a single modality, such as text, images, or audio, are now enriched by seamless interactions between multimodal data. These connections bridge information gaps: an image can visually materialize a text, while audio can add context to an image. Researchers have developed numerous multimodal models, but most rely on resource-intensive tr
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Deep Learning-Based Computer Vision Models for Early Cancer Detection Using Multimodal Medical Imaging and Radiogenomic Integration Frameworks
arXiv:2512.00714v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Early cancer detection remains one of the most critical challenges in modern healthcare, where delayed diagnosis significantly reduces survival outcomes. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning, have enabled transformative progress in medical imaging analysis. Deep learning-based computer vision models, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), transformers, and hybrid attention architectures, can automatic
Deep Learning-Based Computer Vision Models for Early Cancer Detection Using Multimodal Medical Imaging and Radiogenomic Integration Frameworks
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Multi-Modal AI for Remote Patient Monitoring in Cancer Care
arXiv:2512.00949v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: For patients undergoing systemic cancer therapy, the time between clinic visits is full of uncertainties and risks of unmonitored side effects. To bridge this gap in care, we developed and prospectively trialed a multi-modal AI framework for remote patient monitoring (RPM). This system integrates multi-modal data from the HALO-X platform, such as demographics, wearable sensors, daily surveys, and clinical events. Our observational trial is one o
Multi-Modal AI for Remote Patient Monitoring in Cancer Care
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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A TinyML Reinforcement Learning Approach for Energy-Efficient Light Control in Low-Cost Greenhouse Systems
arXiv:2512.01167v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This study presents a reinforcement learning (RL)-based control strategy for adaptive lighting regulation in controlled environments using a low-power microcontroller. A model-free Q-learning algorithm was implemented to dynamically adjust the brightness of a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) based on real-time feedback from a light-dependent resistor (LDR) sensor. The system was trained to stabilize at 13 distinct light intensity levels (L1 to L13), w
A TinyML Reinforcement Learning Approach for Energy-Efficient Light Control in Low-Cost Greenhouse Systems
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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PhySense: Sensor Placement Optimization for Accurate Physics Sensing
arXiv:2505.18190v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Physics sensing plays a central role in many scientific and engineering domains, which inherently involves two coupled tasks: reconstructing dense physical fields from sparse observations and optimizing scattered sensor placements to observe maximum information. While deep learning has made rapid advances in sparse-data reconstruction, existing methods generally omit optimization of sensor placements, leaving the mutual enhancement betwe
PhySense: Sensor Placement Optimization for Accurate Physics Sensing
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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The AI Productivity Index (APEX)
arXiv:2509.25721v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present an extended version of the AI Productivity Index (APEX-v1-extended), a benchmark for assessing whether frontier models are capable of performing economically valuable tasks in four jobs: investment banking associate, management consultant, big law associate, and primary care physician (MD). This technical report details the extensions to APEX-v1, including an increase in the held-out evaluation set from n = 50 to n = 100 cases
The AI Productivity Index (APEX)
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(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Lung OR gastric OR Hepatocellular)
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Exosome-Mediated RUNX3 DNA Delivery for Lung Cancer Therapy
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 Dec 1. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5c15987. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGene therapy represents a promising strategy for treating lung cancer, with the potential to inhibit the proliferation of cancerous cells and induce apoptosis. However, current gene therapy for lung cancer encounters challenges with delivery, targeting, and safety, such as off-target effects, immune responses, and the necessity for better delivery methods. Here, we introduce gene therapy using the k
Exosome-Mediated RUNX3 DNA Delivery for Lung Cancer Therapy
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 Dec 1. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5c15987. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Gene therapy represents a promising strategy for treating lung cancer, with the potential to inhibit the proliferation of cancerous cells and induce apoptosis. However, current gene therapy for lung cancer encounters challenges with delivery, targeting, and safety, such as off-target effects, immune responses, and the necessity for better delivery methods. Here, we introduce gene therapy using the key regulator in lung adenocarcinoma, runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3), within exosomes (Exos), which are known for their biocompatibility and ability to selectively target cancer cells. We packaged the RUNX3 plasmid DNA into human exosomes (hExo-Rs), designed to target and induce apoptosis in cancer cells, resulting in a viability decrease to 43.3%. Normal fibroblasts remained viable at 96.0%, confirming the safety of hExo-Rs for future therapies. We delivered hExo-Rs to cancer spheroids, examined their effects, and found that cytokines from treated cells promote M1 macrophage polarization, emphasizing their potential for immunotherapy. We developed a hydrogel platform for the targeted 14-day release of RUNX3 pDNA by attaching hExo-Rs to gelatin using microbial transglutaminase, which enables the selective decrease in cancer cell viability and confirms apoptosis. Our demonstration of RUNX3 gene therapy with Exos presents selective anticancer effectiveness and the promise of clinical use through localized, sustained release using the hydrogel.
PMID:41325015 | DOI:10.1021/acsami.5c15987
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npj Digital Medicine
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The role of digital twins in P4 medicine: A paradigm for modern healthcare
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 01 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02115-xThe role of digital twins in P4 medicine: A paradigm for modern healthcare
The role of digital twins in P4 medicine: A paradigm for modern healthcare
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 01 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02115-x
The role of digital twins in P4 medicine: A paradigm for modern healthcare-
MRD
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DNA-Based Liquid Biopsy for Evaluating Surgical and Postsurgical Outcomes in Gynecologic Malignancies: A Systematic Review
J Clin Lab Anal. 2025 Dec 1:e70139. doi: 10.1002/jcla.70139. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: DNA-based liquid biopsies, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA), are emerging as minimally invasive biomarkers for monitoring surgical and postsurgical outcomes in gynecologic malignancies. These tools offer the potential to guide early intervention, refine risk stratification, and improve prognostic accuracy. This systematic review aimed to assess the clinical ut
DNA-Based Liquid Biopsy for Evaluating Surgical and Postsurgical Outcomes in Gynecologic Malignancies: A Systematic Review
J Clin Lab Anal. 2025 Dec 1:e70139. doi: 10.1002/jcla.70139. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: DNA-based liquid biopsies, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA), are emerging as minimally invasive biomarkers for monitoring surgical and postsurgical outcomes in gynecologic malignancies. These tools offer the potential to guide early intervention, refine risk stratification, and improve prognostic accuracy. This systematic review aimed to assess the clinical utility of DNA-based liquid biopsies in evaluating recurrence, surgical success, and preoperative diagnosis in gynecologic cancers.
METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, covering studies published from 2017 to 2025. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 32 eligible observational studies involving 3210 patients with ovarian, endometrial, uterine, and other gynecologic malignancies were included. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).
RESULTS: The studies showed a broad geographic and methodological diversity, with a median NOS score of 7. CtDNA and cfDNA demonstrated promise in three key areas: (1) Recurrence prediction-postoperative ctDNA positivity was associated with higher relapse rates and reduced disease-free survival; (2) Monitoring surgical outcomes and treatment response-ctDNA dynamics more accurately reflected tumor burden than traditional markers like CA125; (3) Preoperative diagnostic support-cfDNA methylation profiling and cfDNA/CA125 models enhanced malignancy detection and risk stratification. Ovarian and endometrial cancers were most frequently studied.
CONCLUSIONS: DNA-based liquid biopsies show strong potential in perioperative care for gynecologic cancers. Their integration into clinical workflows could improve the detection of minimal residual disease and inform individualized surgical planning.
PMID:41327898 | DOI:10.1002/jcla.70139
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MRD
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Monitoring of circulating tumor DNA allows early detection of disease relapse in patients with operable breast cancer
Mol Oncol. 2025 Nov 27. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.70170. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBreast cancer is known for late recurrences, yet current follow-up lacks radiological or blood-based monitoring for systemic relapse. This study evaluated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring for early detection of systemic relapse after curative treatment. In this case-control study of 70 patients with operable breast cancer (35 with relapse and 35 without relapse), blood samples were collected every 6-12 mo
Monitoring of circulating tumor DNA allows early detection of disease relapse in patients with operable breast cancer
Mol Oncol. 2025 Nov 27. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.70170. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Breast cancer is known for late recurrences, yet current follow-up lacks radiological or blood-based monitoring for systemic relapse. This study evaluated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring for early detection of systemic relapse after curative treatment. In this case-control study of 70 patients with operable breast cancer (35 with relapse and 35 without relapse), blood samples were collected every 6-12 months during a median 8.3-year follow-up. ctDNA was analyzed by targeted DNA sequencing using Oncomine™ Breast cfDNA Research Assay v2, and results were compared to genetic analysis of tumor and metastasis biopsies. ctDNA was detected at relapse in 19 of 35 (54%) patients with disease relapse and preceded clinical or radiological relapse detection in 17, with a median lead time of 10.3 months. In 13 (68%) patients, there was concordance with tumor mutations, and in seven patients, there was also concordance with metastasis. Among the relapse-free patients, seven were ctDNA-positive postsurgery, and only one of them had a match among the tumor variants. These findings suggest serial ctDNA analysis may enable earlier detection of systemic relapse in patients with operable breast cancer.
PMID:41307327 | DOI:10.1002/1878-0261.70170
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MRD
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Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma (GEA): Evidence and Emerging Applications
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Nov 18;17(22):3692. doi: 10.3390/cancers17223692.ABSTRACTThe role of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) has expanded in recent years. In resectable disease, postoperative ctDNA is able to detect patients at highest risk of recurrence months before scans. Tumor-informed assays provide the best sensitivity and emerging methylation assays are useful when tissue is scarce. In metastatic GEA, baseline ctDNA burden correlates with prognosis, an
Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma (GEA): Evidence and Emerging Applications
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Nov 18;17(22):3692. doi: 10.3390/cancers17223692.
ABSTRACT
The role of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) has expanded in recent years. In resectable disease, postoperative ctDNA is able to detect patients at highest risk of recurrence months before scans. Tumor-informed assays provide the best sensitivity and emerging methylation assays are useful when tissue is scarce. In metastatic GEA, baseline ctDNA burden correlates with prognosis, and a decrease in ctDNA level after treatment initiation reflects therapeutic response. It can also uncover actionable targets, including ERBB2, FGFR2, and MSI-H, and detect resistance that can arise after starting treatment. Limitations include variable assay performance, low shedding in some tumors, clonal hematopoiesis confounding, and a lack of randomized data showing that ctDNA-guided changes improve outcomes. Ongoing trials are testing MRD-guided escalation/de-escalation and ctDNA-directed biomarker therapy. In this review, we evaluate the role of ctDNA in GEA cancers over recent years.
PMID:41301057 | PMC:PMC12650754 | DOI:10.3390/cancers17223692
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npj Digital Medicine
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Research progress in computer-aided diagnosis systems for lung cancer
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02101-3Research progress in computer-aided diagnosis systems for lung cancer
Research progress in computer-aided diagnosis systems for lung cancer
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02101-3
Research progress in computer-aided diagnosis systems for lung cancer-
cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Morality in AI. A plea to embed morality in LLM architectures and frameworks
arXiv:2511.20689v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate human decision-making and behaviour. Ensuring LLM processing of moral meaning therefore has become a critical challenge. Current approaches rely predominantly on bottom-up methods such as fine-tuning and reinforcement learning from human feedback. We propose a fundamentally different approach: embedding moral meaning processing directly into the architectural mechanisms and frameworks of transforme
Morality in AI. A plea to embed morality in LLM architectures and frameworks
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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From Prediction to Foresight: The Role of AI in Designing Responsible Futures
arXiv:2511.21570v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In an era marked by rapid technological advancements and complex global challenges, responsible foresight has emerged as an essential framework for policymakers aiming to navigate future uncertainties and shape the future. Responsible foresight entails the ethical anticipation of emerging opportunities and risks, with a focus on fostering proactive, sustainable, and accountable future design. This paper coins the term "responsible computational fo
From Prediction to Foresight: The Role of AI in Designing Responsible Futures
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Cognitive bias in LLM reasoning compromises interpretation of clinical oncology notes
arXiv:2511.20680v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Despite high performance on clinical benchmarks, large language models may reach correct conclusions through faulty reasoning, a failure mode with safety implications for oncology decision support that is not captured by accuracy-based evaluation. In this two-cohort retrospective study, we developed a hierarchical taxonomy of reasoning errors from GPT-4 chain-of-thought responses to real oncology notes and tested its clinical relevance. Using br
Cognitive bias in LLM reasoning compromises interpretation of clinical oncology notes
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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How Do Companies Manage the Environmental Sustainability of AI? An Interview Study About Green AI Efforts and Regulations
arXiv:2505.07317v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: With the ever-growing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), AI-based software and its negative impact on the environment are no longer negligible, and studying and mitigating this impact has become a critical area of research. However, it is currently unclear which role environmental sustainability plays during AI adoption in industry and how AI regulations influence Green AI practices and decision-making in industry. We therefore ai
How Do Companies Manage the Environmental Sustainability of AI? An Interview Study About Green AI Efforts and Regulations
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Rigor in AI: Doing Rigorous AI Work Requires a Broader, Responsible AI-Informed Conception of Rigor
arXiv:2506.14652v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In AI research and practice, rigor remains largely understood in terms of methodological rigor -- such as whether mathematical, statistical, or computational methods are correctly applied. We argue that this narrow conception of rigor has contributed to the concerns raised by the responsible AI community, including overblown claims about the capabilities of AI systems. Our position is that a broader conception of what rigorous AI researc
Rigor in AI: Doing Rigorous AI Work Requires a Broader, Responsible AI-Informed Conception of Rigor
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(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Lung OR gastric OR Hepatocellular)
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Smart spatial omics (S2-omics) optimizes region of interest selection to capture molecular heterogeneity in diverse tissues
Nat Cell Biol. 2025 Nov 26. doi: 10.1038/s41556-025-01811-w. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSpatial omics technologies have transformed biomedical research by enabling high-resolution molecular profiling while preserving the native tissue architecture. These advances provide unprecedented insights into tissue structure and function. However, the high cost and time-intensive nature of spatial omics experiments necessitate careful experimental design, particularly in selecting regions of interest (
Smart spatial omics (S2-omics) optimizes region of interest selection to capture molecular heterogeneity in diverse tissues
Nat Cell Biol. 2025 Nov 26. doi: 10.1038/s41556-025-01811-w. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Spatial omics technologies have transformed biomedical research by enabling high-resolution molecular profiling while preserving the native tissue architecture. These advances provide unprecedented insights into tissue structure and function. However, the high cost and time-intensive nature of spatial omics experiments necessitate careful experimental design, particularly in selecting regions of interest (ROIs) from large tissue sections. Currently, ROI selection is performed manually, which introduces subjectivity, inconsistency and a lack of reproducibility. Previous studies have shown strong correlations between spatial molecular patterns and histological features, suggesting that readily available and cost-effective histology images can be leveraged to guide spatial omics experiments. Here we present Smart Spatial omics (S2-omics), an end-to-end workflow that automatically selects ROIs from histology images with the goal of maximizing molecular information content in the ROIs. Through comprehensive evaluations across multiple spatial omics platforms and tissue types, we demonstrate that S2-omics enables systematic and reproducible ROI selection and enhances the robustness and impact of downstream biological discovery.
PMID:41298871 | DOI:10.1038/s41556-025-01811-w
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npj Digital Medicine
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Information content as a health system screening tool for rare diseases
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02096-xInformation content as a health system screening tool for rare diseases
Information content as a health system screening tool for rare diseases
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02096-x
Information content as a health system screening tool for rare diseases-
cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Human Experts' Evaluation of Generative AI for Contextualizing STEAM Education in the Global South
arXiv:2511.19482v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This study investigates how human experts evaluate the capacity of Generative AI (GenAI) to contextualize STEAM education in the Global South, with a focus on Ghana. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, four STEAM specialists assessed GenAI-generated lesson plans created with a customized Culturally Responsive Lesson Planner (CRLP) and compared them to standardized lesson plans from the Ghana National Council for Curriculum and Asses