Normal view
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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PathFound: An Agentic Multimodal Model Activating Evidence-seeking Pathological Diagnosis
arXiv:2512.23545v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent pathological foundation models have substantially advanced visual representation learning and multimodal interaction. However, most models still rely on a static inference paradigm in which whole-slide images are processed once to produce predictions, without reassessment or targeted evidence acquisition under ambiguous diagnoses. This contrasts with clinical diagnostic workflows that refine hypotheses through repeated slide observations
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npj Digital Medicine
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Context matching is not reasoning when performing generalized clinical evaluation of generative language models
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 27 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02253-2Context matching is not reasoning when performing generalized clinical evaluation of generative language models
Context matching is not reasoning when performing generalized clinical evaluation of generative language models
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 27 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02253-2
Context matching is not reasoning when performing generalized clinical evaluation of generative language models-
npj Digital Medicine
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A novel evaluation benchmark for medical LLMs illuminating safety and effectiveness in clinical domains
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 26 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02277-8A novel evaluation benchmark for medical LLMs illuminating safety and effectiveness in clinical domains
A novel evaluation benchmark for medical LLMs illuminating safety and effectiveness in clinical domains
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 26 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02277-8
A novel evaluation benchmark for medical LLMs illuminating safety and effectiveness in clinical domains-
cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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aiXiv: A Next-Generation Open Access Ecosystem for Scientific Discovery Generated by AI Scientists
arXiv:2508.15126v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled AI agents to autonomously generate scientific proposals, conduct experiments, author papers, and perform peer reviews. Yet this flood of AI-generated research content collides with a fragmented and largely closed publication ecosystem. Traditional journals and conferences rely on human peer review, making them difficult to scale and often reluctant to accept AI-generated research con
aiXiv: A Next-Generation Open Access Ecosystem for Scientific Discovery Generated by AI Scientists
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Why Text Prevails: Vision May Undermine Multimodal Medical Decision Making
arXiv:2512.13747v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With the rapid progress of large language models (LLMs), advanced multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive zero-shot capabilities on vision-language tasks. In the biomedical domain, however, even state-of-the-art MLLMs struggle with basic Medical Decision Making (MDM) tasks. We investigate this limitation using two challenging datasets: (1) three-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) classification (normal, mild cognitive i
Why Text Prevails: Vision May Undermine Multimodal Medical Decision Making
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Journal of Medical Internet Research
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Automated Multitier Tagging of Chinese Online Health Education Resources Using a Large Language Model: Development and Validation Study
Background: Precision health promotion, which aims to tailor health messages to individual needs, is hampered by the lack of structured metadata in vast digital health resource libraries. This bottleneck prevents scalable, personalized content delivery and exacerbates information overload for the public. Objective: This study aimed to develop, deploy, and validate an automated tagging system using a large language model (LLM) to create the foundational metadata infrastructure required for tailor
Automated Multitier Tagging of Chinese Online Health Education Resources Using a Large Language Model: Development and Validation Study
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(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Lung OR gastric OR Hepatocellular)
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Exploring the role of lipid metabolism genes in gastric cancer prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment
J Int Med Res. 2025 Dec;53(12):3000605251403252. doi: 10.1177/03000605251403252. Epub 2025 Dec 11.ABSTRACTBackgroundGastric cancer remains a major global health challenge due to its high mortality rate and complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Emerging evidence highlights that dysregulated lipid metabolism contributes to gastric cancer progression and prognosis, but the associations between lipid metabolism-associated genes, gastric cancer patient survival, and tumor immune microenvironment rem
Exploring the role of lipid metabolism genes in gastric cancer prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment
J Int Med Res. 2025 Dec;53(12):3000605251403252. doi: 10.1177/03000605251403252. Epub 2025 Dec 11.
ABSTRACT
BackgroundGastric cancer remains a major global health challenge due to its high mortality rate and complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Emerging evidence highlights that dysregulated lipid metabolism contributes to gastric cancer progression and prognosis, but the associations between lipid metabolism-associated genes, gastric cancer patient survival, and tumor immune microenvironment remodeling are not fully elucidated.MethodsWe analyzed publicly available omics and clinical data, including RNA sequencing data from 371 gastric cancer samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas database and 433 gastric cancer samples in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We first curated the top 100 lipid metabolism-associated genes based on relevance scores. Then, univariate Cox regression was used to identify genes significantly associated with overall survival. Consensus clustering was applied to these survival-related genes to define gastric cancer molecular subtypes. Copy number variation analysis was performed to assess genomic alterations of these genes in tumor samples. A prognostic risk model was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and validated via multivariate Cox regression. Immune infiltration analysis using CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms was conducted to explore associations between lipid metabolism-associated genes and tumor immune microenvironment characteristics.ResultsA total of 3911 differentially expressed genes were identified between gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues. Among the top 100 lipid metabolism-associated genes, 43 were significantly linked to patient survival, most of which were considered as poor prognostic factors. Copy number variation analysis revealed frequent copy number gains of these genes in tumor samples. Consensus clustering stratified patients into two molecular subtypes (LMAGcluster A and LMAGcluster B), with LMAGcluster A showing significantly worse survival outcomes (median survival: 2.6 years vs. 8.3 years in LMAGcluster B, p < 0.001). LMAGcluster A was also characterized by elevated infiltration of pro-tumor immune cells, such as regulatory T cells and follicular helper T cells. The prognostic model based on 14 key lipid metabolism-associated genes exhibited robust predictive performance, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.702-0.761 in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort and 0.621-0.638 in the Gene Expression Omnibus cohort for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival.ConclusionLipid metabolism-associated genes are closely associated with gastric cancer prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment remodeling. The identified gene-based molecular subtypes and prognostic model provide novel insights into gastric cancer progression, and the 14 key genes may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
PMID:41381057 | DOI:10.1177/03000605251403252
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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The AI Productivity Index (APEX)
arXiv:2509.25721v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present an extended version of the AI Productivity Index (APEX-v1-extended), a benchmark for assessing whether frontier models are capable of performing economically valuable tasks in four jobs: investment banking associate, management consultant, big law associate, and primary care physician (MD). This technical report details the extensions to APEX-v1, including an increase in the held-out evaluation set from n = 50 to n = 100 cases
The AI Productivity Index (APEX)
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Journal of Medical Internet Research
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Promoting Responsible DeepSeek Deployment in Health Care: Scoping Review Comparing Grey and White Literature
Background: The rapid deployment of DeepSeek, an open-source large language model has sparked concerns of its impact on patient outcomes and safety. However, little is known about how DeepSeek is used and regulated in these facilities. Objective: This study aimed to 1) systematically review the characteristics of deployed DeepSeek in the top 100 hospitals in China; and 2) compare performances and risks from hospital disclosure with research evidence. Methods: We performed a scoping review of gra
Promoting Responsible DeepSeek Deployment in Health Care: Scoping Review Comparing Grey and White Literature
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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AI Deception: Risks, Dynamics, and Controls
arXiv:2511.22619v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As intelligence increases, so does its shadow. AI deception, in which systems induce false beliefs to secure self-beneficial outcomes, has evolved from a speculative concern to an empirically demonstrated risk across language models, AI agents, and emerging frontier systems. This project provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the AI deception field, covering its core concepts, methodologies, genesis, and potential mitigations. Fir
AI Deception: Risks, Dynamics, and Controls
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Omics In Lung
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Gut microbial metabolites in cancer immunomodulation
Mol Cancer. 2025 Dec 3. doi: 10.1186/s12943-025-02521-5. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGut microbiota-derived metabolites are emerging as systemic "remote immunoregulators" that shape tumor immunity across tissues. Integrating evidence across short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan derivatives, secondary bile acids, polyamines and other metabolites, we advance a metabolite-immune pathway-cancer framework that links receptor-mediated signaling, epigenetic remodeling and metabolic reprogramming to con
Gut microbial metabolites in cancer immunomodulation
Mol Cancer. 2025 Dec 3. doi: 10.1186/s12943-025-02521-5. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites are emerging as systemic "remote immunoregulators" that shape tumor immunity across tissues. Integrating evidence across short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan derivatives, secondary bile acids, polyamines and other metabolites, we advance a metabolite-immune pathway-cancer framework that links receptor-mediated signaling, epigenetic remodeling and metabolic reprogramming to context-dependent, bidirectional immune effects. Importantly, in addition to the g protein-coupled receptor / aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway, the selected microbial small molecule metabolites are the true T-cell receptor ligands of unconventional T cells, directly shaping the tissue resident immune and tumor microenvironment, supplementing the receptor signaling and epigenetic programs in our framework. We synthesize how these metabolites recalibrate the tumor immune microenvironment-modulating antigen presentation, T-cell effector fitness and exhaustion, regulatory T-cell activity, and myeloid polarization-and why the same metabolite can either potentiate immune surveillance or entrench immunosuppression depending on ligand-receptor pairing, dose and tissue niche. We compare tumor-type specific patterns (e.g., colorectal, liver, lung, breast and prostate cancers) to highlight common circuits and organ-restricted idiosyncrasies. Methodologically, we outline how single-cell and spatial multi-omics, imaging mass spectrometry and functional biosensors now enable co-registration of metabolite exposure with immune-cell states in human tumors, providing an actionable basis for biomarker discovery. Given ongoing debate about signals attributed to intratumoral microbiota in low-biomass tumor tissues, we foreground quantifiable, spatially mappable and pharmacologically tractable metabolite-receptor pathways, using microbe-associated molecular patterns / translocation as comparators to judge when chemical signals should be prioritized as intervention targets. Finally, we evaluate precision intervention avenues-including fecal microbiota transplantation, rational bacterial consortia, engineered microbes and nanoparticle-enabled metabolite delivery-and propose stratification rules that pair metabolite/receptor signatures with fit-for-purpose delivery. Together, mapping tissue-specific metabolite-immune circuits and embedding them in robust biomarker frameworks may convert microbial metabolites from correlative markers into therapeutic targets and tools, improving the efficacy and durability of cancer immunotherapy.
PMID:41339918 | DOI:10.1186/s12943-025-02521-5
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Radiologist Copilot: An Agentic Assistant with Orchestrated Tools for Radiology Reporting with Quality Control
arXiv:2512.02814v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Radiology reporting is an essential yet time-consuming and error-prone task for radiologists in clinical examinations, especially for volumetric medical images. Rigorous quality control is also critical but tedious, ensuring that the final report meets clinical standards. Existing automated approaches, including radiology report generation methods and medical vision-language models, focus mainly on the report generation phase and neglect the cruci
Radiologist Copilot: An Agentic Assistant with Orchestrated Tools for Radiology Reporting with Quality Control
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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MedCondDiff: Lightweight, Robust, Semantically Guided Diffusion for Medical Image Segmentation
arXiv:2512.00350v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce MedCondDiff, a diffusion-based framework for multi-organ medical image segmentation that is efficient and anatomically grounded. The model conditions the denoising process on semantic priors extracted by a Pyramid Vision Transformer (PVT) backbone, yielding a semantically guided and lightweight diffusion architecture. This design improves robustness while reducing both inference time and VRAM usage compared to conventional diffusion
MedCondDiff: Lightweight, Robust, Semantically Guided Diffusion for Medical Image Segmentation
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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SelfAI: Building a Self-Training AI System with LLM Agents
arXiv:2512.00403v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent work on autonomous scientific discovery has leveraged LLM-based agents to integrate problem specification, experiment planning, and execution into end-to-end systems. However, these frameworks are often confined to narrow application domains, offer limited real-time interaction with researchers, and lack principled mechanisms for determining when to halt exploration, resulting in inefficiencies, reproducibility challenges, and under-utili
SelfAI: Building a Self-Training AI System with LLM Agents
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Human Decision-making is Susceptible to AI-driven Manipulation
arXiv:2502.07663v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: AI systems are increasingly intertwined with daily life, assisting users with various tasks and guiding decision-making. This integration introduces risks of AI-driven manipulation, where such systems may exploit users' cognitive biases and emotional vulnerabilities to steer them toward harmful outcomes. Through a randomized between-subjects experiment with 233 participants, we examined human susceptibility to such manipulation in financial (e
Human Decision-making is Susceptible to AI-driven Manipulation
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Uni-X: Mitigating Modality Conflict with a Two-End-Separated Architecture for Unified Multimodal Models
arXiv:2509.24365v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) built on shared autoregressive (AR) transformers are attractive for their architectural simplicity. However, we identify a critical limitation: when trained on multimodal inputs, modality-shared transformers suffer from severe gradient conflicts between vision and text, particularly in shallow and deep layers. We trace this issue to the fundamentally different low-level statistical properties of images an
Uni-X: Mitigating Modality Conflict with a Two-End-Separated Architecture for Unified Multimodal Models
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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The AI Productivity Index (APEX)
arXiv:2509.25721v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present an extended version of the AI Productivity Index (APEX-v1-extended), a benchmark for assessing whether frontier models are capable of performing economically valuable tasks in four jobs: investment banking associate, management consultant, big law associate, and primary care physician (MD). This technical report details the extensions to APEX-v1, including an increase in the held-out evaluation set from n = 50 to n = 100 cases
The AI Productivity Index (APEX)
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Omics in Hepatocellular
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Decoding the cholesterol-apoptosis axis in HCC: a machine learning-based multi-omics integration and single-cell transcriptomic analysis
Discov Oncol. 2025 Nov 25;16(1):2162. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-04010-z.ABSTRACTLiver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), a predominant form of primary hepatic malignancy, demonstrates a progressively escalating global incidence, imposing substantial health and economic burdens on patients and society. Early diagnosis remains challenging, often resulting in late-stage detection, which limits the efficacy of current therapeutic strategies. This study systematically examines the transcriptional signatu
Decoding the cholesterol-apoptosis axis in HCC: a machine learning-based multi-omics integration and single-cell transcriptomic analysis
Discov Oncol. 2025 Nov 25;16(1):2162. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-04010-z.
ABSTRACT
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), a predominant form of primary hepatic malignancy, demonstrates a progressively escalating global incidence, imposing substantial health and economic burdens on patients and society. Early diagnosis remains challenging, often resulting in late-stage detection, which limits the efficacy of current therapeutic strategies. This study systematically examines the transcriptional signatures of apoptosis-associated and cholesterol metabolic pathways in LIHC, providing insights into its underlying mechanisms and identifying potential prognostic markers. We employed multi-omics and machine learning to evaluate gene expression variations and construct a prognostic risk scoring model. This study identified apoptosis- and cholesterol metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (ACMRDEGs). Importantly, LASSO regression analysis identified six hub genes (EPHX2, FABP5, SQLE, ADH4, HMGCS2, and CYP7A1) as critical prognostic biomarkers, demonstrating significant correlation with overall survival (OS). Furthermore, immune cell infiltration analysis indicated significant differences in 12 immune cell types within LIHC microenvironment, underscoring the immune system's involvement in disease progression. cholesterol and alcohol metabolism pathways were significantly enriched among hub gene modules, as quantified by multiple gene enrichment analyses. Single-cell analysis identified six major cell types, providing a deeper understanding of the cellular heterogeneity within LIHC. In summarize, this study presents the first integrated apoptosis-cholesterol metabolic pathway-based six-gene prognostic model for LIHC, validated for robustness across multiple cohorts, which may facilitate personalized therapeutic strategies and refined risk assessment in clinical practice.
PMID:41288805 | PMC:PMC12647489 | DOI:10.1007/s12672-025-04010-z
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(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Lung OR gastric OR Hepatocellular)
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Decoding the cholesterol-apoptosis axis in HCC: a machine learning-based multi-omics integration and single-cell transcriptomic analysis
Discov Oncol. 2025 Nov 25;16(1):2162. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-04010-z.ABSTRACTLiver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), a predominant form of primary hepatic malignancy, demonstrates a progressively escalating global incidence, imposing substantial health and economic burdens on patients and society. Early diagnosis remains challenging, often resulting in late-stage detection, which limits the efficacy of current therapeutic strategies. This study systematically examines the transcriptional signatu
Decoding the cholesterol-apoptosis axis in HCC: a machine learning-based multi-omics integration and single-cell transcriptomic analysis
Discov Oncol. 2025 Nov 25;16(1):2162. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-04010-z.
ABSTRACT
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), a predominant form of primary hepatic malignancy, demonstrates a progressively escalating global incidence, imposing substantial health and economic burdens on patients and society. Early diagnosis remains challenging, often resulting in late-stage detection, which limits the efficacy of current therapeutic strategies. This study systematically examines the transcriptional signatures of apoptosis-associated and cholesterol metabolic pathways in LIHC, providing insights into its underlying mechanisms and identifying potential prognostic markers. We employed multi-omics and machine learning to evaluate gene expression variations and construct a prognostic risk scoring model. This study identified apoptosis- and cholesterol metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (ACMRDEGs). Importantly, LASSO regression analysis identified six hub genes (EPHX2, FABP5, SQLE, ADH4, HMGCS2, and CYP7A1) as critical prognostic biomarkers, demonstrating significant correlation with overall survival (OS). Furthermore, immune cell infiltration analysis indicated significant differences in 12 immune cell types within LIHC microenvironment, underscoring the immune system's involvement in disease progression. cholesterol and alcohol metabolism pathways were significantly enriched among hub gene modules, as quantified by multiple gene enrichment analyses. Single-cell analysis identified six major cell types, providing a deeper understanding of the cellular heterogeneity within LIHC. In summarize, this study presents the first integrated apoptosis-cholesterol metabolic pathway-based six-gene prognostic model for LIHC, validated for robustness across multiple cohorts, which may facilitate personalized therapeutic strategies and refined risk assessment in clinical practice.
PMID:41288805 | DOI:10.1007/s12672-025-04010-z
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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From Hypothesis to Publication: A Comprehensive Survey of AI-Driven Research Support Systems
arXiv:2503.01424v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Research is a fundamental process driving the advancement of human civilization, yet it demands substantial time and effort from researchers. In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has inspired researchers to explore how AI can accelerate and enhance research. To monitor relevant advancements, this paper presents a systematic review of the progress in this domain. Specifically, we organize the relev