Normal view
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Scaling up Energy-Aware Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Mission-Oriented Drone Networks with Individual Reward
arXiv:2605.24992v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has shown wide applicability in collaborative systems such as autonomous driving and smart cities for its ability of learning through interaction. With the recent development of drone networks, researchers have also applied MARL to address the trajectory planning problems. However, the dynamic environment and the limited battery capacity are still challenging for using MARL to achieve efficient collabora
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(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Pancreatic)
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Multi-omics Analysis Reveals the Protection of a Quadruple Probiotic Mixture in Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2026 May 23. doi: 10.1007/s12602-026-11062-2. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic progressive inflammatory liver disease with a rising global incidence. The treatment of AIH remains challenging because first-line drugs show limited efficacy and systemic side effects. Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AIH, leading to growing interest in developing probiotic-based therapies. In this study, we used multi-omic
Multi-omics Analysis Reveals the Protection of a Quadruple Probiotic Mixture in Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2026 May 23. doi: 10.1007/s12602-026-11062-2. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic progressive inflammatory liver disease with a rising global incidence. The treatment of AIH remains challenging because first-line drugs show limited efficacy and systemic side effects. Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AIH, leading to growing interest in developing probiotic-based therapies. In this study, we used multi-omics analysis to investigate the therapeutic effects of a quadruple probiotic mixture (Probiotic-quad) consisting of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus in a well-established chronic AIH murine model. Our results showed that Probiotic-quad treatment significantly alleviated AIH progression, as evidenced by lower serum liver enzyme levels, ameliorated hepatic inflammatory infiltration and histopathological damage. Metagenomic sequencing results showed that gut dysbiosis in AIH mice was partially reversed after Probiotic-quad administration. Additionally, the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier was restored, accompanied by a reduction in serum lipopolysaccharide levels. Untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that Probiotic-quad treatment was linked to alterations in hepatic metabolism, including the citrate cycle and tryptophan metabolism, and was associated with reduced activation of the NF-κB and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. These findings suggest that Probiotic-quad treatment ameliorates AIH severity and is potentially associated with changes in hepatic immune responses, metabolism, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier function, highlighting its potential as an adjuvant therapy for AIH.
PMID:42176246 | DOI:10.1007/s12602-026-11062-2
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AAAS: Table of Contents
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Nodeless superconducting gap and electron-boson coupling in (La,Pr,Sm)3Ni2O7 films
Science, Ahead of Print.
Nodeless superconducting gap and electron-boson coupling in (La,Pr,Sm)3Ni2O7 films
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Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds
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A pathogen lncRNA secreted into rice sequesters a host miRNA for virulence
Nature, Published online: 20 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10572-xA fungal long non-coding RNA from Magnaporthe oryzae translocates into rice cells to sequester a host microRNA that normally represses PKR1, a negative immunity regulator, thereby facilitating infection and revealing a widespread RNA-based pathogen–host interaction mechanism.
A pathogen lncRNA secreted into rice sequesters a host miRNA for virulence
Nature, Published online: 20 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10572-x
A fungal long non-coding RNA from Magnaporthe oryzae translocates into rice cells to sequester a host microRNA that normally represses PKR1, a negative immunity regulator, thereby facilitating infection and revealing a widespread RNA-based pathogen–host interaction mechanism.-
AAAS: Table of Contents
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Induction of broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies by a two-step mechanism informs vaccine design
Science, Ahead of Print.
Induction of broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies by a two-step mechanism informs vaccine design
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Omics In Lung
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GPNMB Drives Brain Metastasis by Sculpting a Pathological Endothelial-Immune Interactome
Cancer Discov. 2026 Apr 15. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-25-1663. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBrain metastases (BM) remain a devastating disease with dismal prognosis. How circulating tumor cells (CTCs) penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and reprogram the brain microenvironment remain unclear. Using spatially resolved multi-omic profiling of CTCs and brain metastases, integrated with experimental and clinical analyses, we identified Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B (GPNMB) as a
GPNMB Drives Brain Metastasis by Sculpting a Pathological Endothelial-Immune Interactome
Cancer Discov. 2026 Apr 15. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-25-1663. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Brain metastases (BM) remain a devastating disease with dismal prognosis. How circulating tumor cells (CTCs) penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and reprogram the brain microenvironment remain unclear. Using spatially resolved multi-omic profiling of CTCs and brain metastases, integrated with experimental and clinical analyses, we identified Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B (GPNMB) as a CTC-secreted driver of vascular disruption and brain colonization. CBX3 upregulation induced GPNMB expression, which bound endothelial EGFR, triggering CBL-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Attenuated EGFR signaling suppressed FTO and disrupted endothelial junctions via YTHDF2-dependent TJP1 m6A methylation. Remarkably, GPNMB-induced BBB remodeling promoted immune infiltration via CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, and induced time course-dependent T cell exhaustion within the brain microenvironment. Clinically, elevated CBX3⁺GPNMB⁺ CTCs and plasma CXCL12 were significantly associated with BM progression in lung cancer and melanoma. Therapeutically, dual blockade of GPNMB and PD1 enhanced anti-BM efficacy in mice, unveiling GPNMB as a promising target for precision immunotherapy.
PMID:41973996 | DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-25-1663
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Cell
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Transplantation of encapsulated mitochondria alleviates dysfunction in mitochondrial and Parkinson’s disease models
A mitochondrial transplantation approach rescues mitochondrial deficiency and prevents mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, Leigh syndrome, and Parkinson’s disease in cellular and mouse models.
Transplantation of encapsulated mitochondria alleviates dysfunction in mitochondrial and Parkinson’s disease models
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Cell
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Respiratory viral infections prime accelerated lung cancer growth
Severe COVID-19 is associated with an increased subsequent risk of lung cancer. Viral pneumonia induces durable lung epigenetic imprinting that promotes tumor-supportive neutrophils and impairs T cell immunity, which is reversible with combined CXCR2 inhibition and PD-L1 blockade.
Respiratory viral infections prime accelerated lung cancer growth
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Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds
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Engineered immunosuppressive dendritic cells protect against cardiac remodelling
Nature, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10346-5Lesion-targeted immune modulation is a feasible strategy to control cardiac fibrosis, and engineered dendritic cells are a promising therapeutic platform for treating cardiac remodelling and heart failure.
Engineered immunosuppressive dendritic cells protect against cardiac remodelling
Nature, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10346-5
Lesion-targeted immune modulation is a feasible strategy to control cardiac fibrosis, and engineered dendritic cells are a promising therapeutic platform for treating cardiac remodelling and heart failure.-
Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds
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Superconductivity and electronic structures of nickelate thin film superstructures
Nature, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10352-7Engineered Ruddlesden–Popper nickelate superstructures show that specific Fermi surface features enable ambient-pressure superconductivity, linking structural configuration, electronic structure and superconducting behaviour. .
Superconductivity and electronic structures of nickelate thin film superstructures
Nature, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10352-7
Engineered Ruddlesden–Popper nickelate superstructures show that specific Fermi surface features enable ambient-pressure superconductivity, linking structural configuration, electronic structure and superconducting behaviour. .-
Oncogene - Issue - nature.com science feeds
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Deciphering functional intra-tumoral heterogeneity in BRAF<sup>V600E</sup>-driven mouse thyroid cancer reveals EMT trajectory and metabolic remodeling
Oncogene, Published online: 04 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41388-026-03742-8Deciphering functional intra-tumoral heterogeneity in BRAFV600E-driven mouse thyroid cancer reveals EMT trajectory and metabolic remodeling
Deciphering functional intra-tumoral heterogeneity in BRAF<sup>V600E</sup>-driven mouse thyroid cancer reveals EMT trajectory and metabolic remodeling
Oncogene, Published online: 04 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41388-026-03742-8
Deciphering functional intra-tumoral heterogeneity in BRAFV600E-driven mouse thyroid cancer reveals EMT trajectory and metabolic remodeling-
cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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M3D-BFS: a Multi-stage Dynamic Fusion Strategy for Sample-Adaptive Multi-Modal Brain Network Analysis
arXiv:2604.01667v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-modal fusion is of great significance in neuroscience which integrates information from different modalities and can achieve better performance than uni-modal methods in downstream tasks. Current multi-modal fusion methods in brain networks, which mainly focus on structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) modalities, are static in nature. They feed different samples into the same model with identical computation, ignoring
M3D-BFS: a Multi-stage Dynamic Fusion Strategy for Sample-Adaptive Multi-Modal Brain Network Analysis
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Omics In Lung
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Integrative Multi-omics Analysis of Buti Huatan Tang in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
J Vis Exp. 2026 Mar 13;(229). doi: 10.3791/70383.ABSTRACTThis study utilized a multi-omics and computational biology framework to investigate the therapeutic potential of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula Buti Huatan Tang (BTHTT) against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Significant physiological improvements were observed in a rat model following BTHTT intervention. Histological analysis showed a reversal of lung pathological damage, while biochemical assays, and transc
Integrative Multi-omics Analysis of Buti Huatan Tang in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
J Vis Exp. 2026 Mar 13;(229). doi: 10.3791/70383.
ABSTRACT
This study utilized a multi-omics and computational biology framework to investigate the therapeutic potential of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula Buti Huatan Tang (BTHTT) against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Significant physiological improvements were observed in a rat model following BTHTT intervention. Histological analysis showed a reversal of lung pathological damage, while biochemical assays, and transcriptomics confirmed the normalization of IL-1β and IL-1R2 levels. Additionally, metabolic profiling revealed that BTHTT corrected disruptions in T3 and T4 thyroid hormone levels. A negative correlation was observed between the IL-1β/IL-1R2 axis and these thyroid hormones, indicating that their regulation is associated with the formula's therapeutic effect. Beyond direct measurements, machine learning algorithms identified ten COPD signature genes from clinical databases. Pathway enrichment analysis suggests that BTHTT may act through cytokine-cytokine-receptor interactions and thyroid hormone synthesis pathways. Furthermore, while 283 components were identified in vivo, compounds such as tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone are currently considered candidate active substances. Their role as primary drivers is supported by a model in which they stably bind to IL-1R2; this inference is based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations rather than direct experimental isolation. Overall, the data support a model in which BTHTT exerts a multi-target effect on COPD by modulating inflammation and metabolic homeostasis. This integrated approach provides a refined scientific basis for the clinical application of BTHTT and highlights specific pathways for future experimental validation.
PMID:41911070 | DOI:10.3791/70383
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(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Lung OR gastric OR Hepatocellular)
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Integrative Multi-omics Analysis of Buti Huatan Tang in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
J Vis Exp. 2026 Mar 13;(229). doi: 10.3791/70383.ABSTRACTThis study utilized a multi-omics and computational biology framework to investigate the therapeutic potential of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula Buti Huatan Tang (BTHTT) against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Significant physiological improvements were observed in a rat model following BTHTT intervention. Histological analysis showed a reversal of lung pathological damage, while biochemical assays, and transc
Integrative Multi-omics Analysis of Buti Huatan Tang in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
J Vis Exp. 2026 Mar 13;(229). doi: 10.3791/70383.
ABSTRACT
This study utilized a multi-omics and computational biology framework to investigate the therapeutic potential of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula Buti Huatan Tang (BTHTT) against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Significant physiological improvements were observed in a rat model following BTHTT intervention. Histological analysis showed a reversal of lung pathological damage, while biochemical assays, and transcriptomics confirmed the normalization of IL-1β and IL-1R2 levels. Additionally, metabolic profiling revealed that BTHTT corrected disruptions in T3 and T4 thyroid hormone levels. A negative correlation was observed between the IL-1β/IL-1R2 axis and these thyroid hormones, indicating that their regulation is associated with the formula's therapeutic effect. Beyond direct measurements, machine learning algorithms identified ten COPD signature genes from clinical databases. Pathway enrichment analysis suggests that BTHTT may act through cytokine-cytokine-receptor interactions and thyroid hormone synthesis pathways. Furthermore, while 283 components were identified in vivo, compounds such as tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone are currently considered candidate active substances. Their role as primary drivers is supported by a model in which they stably bind to IL-1R2; this inference is based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations rather than direct experimental isolation. Overall, the data support a model in which BTHTT exerts a multi-target effect on COPD by modulating inflammation and metabolic homeostasis. This integrated approach provides a refined scientific basis for the clinical application of BTHTT and highlights specific pathways for future experimental validation.
PMID:41911070 | DOI:10.3791/70383
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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From Editor to Dense Geometry Estimator
arXiv:2509.04338v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Leveraging visual priors from pre-trained text-to-image (T2I) generative models has shown success in dense prediction. However, dense prediction is inherently an image-to-image task, suggesting that image editing models, rather than T2I generative models, may be a more suitable foundation for fine-tuning. Motivated by this, we conduct a systematic analysis of the fine-tuning behaviors of both editors and generators for dense geometry e
From Editor to Dense Geometry Estimator
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Nature Medicine
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<i>LRRK2</i>-targeting antisense oligonucleotide in Parkinson’s disease: a phase 1 randomized controlled trial
Nature Medicine, Published online: 24 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04262-4The first-in-human clinical trial of the LRRK2-targeting antisense oligonucleotide BIIB094 in Parkinson’s disease demonstrates that the treatment is well tolerated and produces dose-dependent reductions in cerebrospinal fluid levels of LRRK2 and phosphorylated Rab10, indicating successful target engagement.
<i>LRRK2</i>-targeting antisense oligonucleotide in Parkinson’s disease: a phase 1 randomized controlled trial
Nature Medicine, Published online: 24 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04262-4
The first-in-human clinical trial of the LRRK2-targeting antisense oligonucleotide BIIB094 in Parkinson’s disease demonstrates that the treatment is well tolerated and produces dose-dependent reductions in cerebrospinal fluid levels of LRRK2 and phosphorylated Rab10, indicating successful target engagement.-
(Multiomics OR Omics) AND (Lung OR gastric OR Hepatocellular)
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Spatial Omics in Gastrointestinal Oncology: Recent Advances, Therapeutic Insights, and Clinical Translation
J Cancer. 2026 Jan 30;17(3):515-523. doi: 10.7150/jca.127381. eCollection 2026.ABSTRACTGastrointestinal (GI) cancers remain a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, largely due to their molecular heterogeneity, complex tumor microenvironment (TME), and variable treatment responses. In recent years, the emergence of spatially resolved omics technologies-encompassing spatial transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics-has revolutionized the ability to int
Spatial Omics in Gastrointestinal Oncology: Recent Advances, Therapeutic Insights, and Clinical Translation
J Cancer. 2026 Jan 30;17(3):515-523. doi: 10.7150/jca.127381. eCollection 2026.
ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remain a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, largely due to their molecular heterogeneity, complex tumor microenvironment (TME), and variable treatment responses. In recent years, the emergence of spatially resolved omics technologies-encompassing spatial transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics-has revolutionized the ability to interrogate tumor architecture with unprecedented resolution. These methods enable precise mapping of cellular and molecular interactions within intact tissue contexts, thereby uncovering spatially defined niches that influence tumor progression, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. In GI malignancies such as colorectal, gastric, and esophageal cancers, spatial omics have provided critical insights into cancer-stromal-immune crosstalk, identified predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy and targeted agents, and guided the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes the latest advances in spatial omics applied to GI oncology over the past five years, with an emphasis on their integration into early diagnosis, treatment stratification, and real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy. We also discuss current challenges, including standardization, data integration, and clinical validation, as well as future directions for incorporating spatial profiling into routine oncology practice. By bridging the gap between bench discoveries and bedside applications, spatial omics hold transformative potential for achieving truly personalized treatment in gastrointestinal cancers.
PMID:41869445 | PMC:PMC13003551 | DOI:10.7150/jca.127381
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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Towards unified brain-to-text decoding across speech production and perception
arXiv:2603.12628v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Speech production and perception are the main ways humans communicate daily. Prior brain-to-text decoding studies have largely focused on a single modality and alphabetic languages. Here, we present a unified brain-to-sentence decoding framework for both speech production and perception in Mandarin Chinese. The framework exhibits strong generalization ability, enabling sentence-level decoding when trained only on single-character data and supporti
Towards unified brain-to-text decoding across speech production and perception
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cs.AI, q-bio.NC updates on arXiv.org
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FedBPrompt: Federated Domain Generalization Person Re-Identification via Body Distribution Aware Visual Prompts
arXiv:2603.12912v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Federated Domain Generalization for Person Re-Identification (FedDG-ReID) learns domain-invariant representations from decentralized data. While Vision Transformer (ViT) is widely adopted, its global attention often fails to distinguish pedestrians from high similarity backgrounds or diverse viewpoints -- a challenge amplified by cross-client distribution shifts in FedDG-ReID. To address this, we propose Federated Body Distribution Aware Visual
FedBPrompt: Federated Domain Generalization Person Re-Identification via Body Distribution Aware Visual Prompts
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Journal of Medical Internet Research
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Breast Cancer Screening Knowledge and Sentiments in Singaporean Women: Mixed Methods Study Using Topic Modeling, Sentiment Analysis, and Structured Questionnaire Data
Background: Mammography screening uptake in Singapore remains below 40% despite campaigns and subsidies. Natural language processing (NLP) can extract nuanced attitudes from free text that fixed response options miss, revealing latent factors influencing breast cancer (BC) screening behavior. Objective: This study characterized women’s attitudes toward mammography using mixed methods data, examined associations between BC awareness and screening willingness, and identified barriers and facilitat