npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 06 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41746-026-03359-x
LLM-derived narrative metrics in chronic pain: convergent validity and novel cognitive constructs
Nature Biomedical Engineering, Published online: 05 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41551-026-01806-4
Multi-organ-on-a-chip systems aim to improve the prediction of human drug responses by replicating organ interactions in vitro. This Review discusses advances in niche-preserving engineering, scalable manufacturing and multimodal readouts needed to make these systems reliable tools.
Nature Nanotechnology, Published online: 05 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41565-026-02301-2
Multiscale physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations demonstrate that atomic-scale structural distortion and nanoscale short-range ordering govern the thermodynamic and kinetic components of potential hysteresis in Li||DRX cells.
npj Digital Medicine, Published online: 05 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41746-026-03232-x
Standardized pre-consultation by a large language model agent vs ophthalmology residents: a randomized clinical trial
Nat Med. 2026 Oct 2. doi: 10.1038/s41591-026-04673-3. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Urine biomarkers promise to improve noninvasive detection and molecular characterization of genitourinary malignancies. Here we describe urine random priming and affinity capture of cell-free RNA (cfRNA) fragments for enrichment analysis by sequencing (uRARE-seq), a liquid biopsy method for urine cfRNA profiling, and apply it to 683 urine samples from patients with cancer and controls. Urine cfRNA contained transcripts from genitourinary tissues and, in patients with prostate, kidney or bladder cancer, tumor-derived transcripts. uRARE-seq demonstrated 95% sensitivity at 90% specificity for detecting localized bladder cancer. The method outperformed urine tumor DNA analysis and was unaffected by the presence of field-effect mutations. Urine cfRNA analysis also sensitively detected minimal residual disease and distinguished complete molecular responses after surgery from those after intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Pretreatment urine from complete responders to BCG was enriched for T cell and other immune signatures, suggesting a preexisting antitumor immune response, whereas nonresponders showed higher expression of proliferation-related genes. In pretreatment urine from 114 patients, this biological difference enabled development of a biomarker predicting likelihood of response to BCG versus chemotherapy (area under the curve 0.93) that was strongly associated with risk of recurrence. Urine cfRNA analysis is therefore a promising biomarker approach for bladder cancer and potentially other urologic malignancies, although prospective studies are needed to assess its clinical utility.
PMID:42827132 | DOI:10.1038/s41591-026-04673-3
Nature Nanotechnology, Published online: 29 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41565-026-02280-4
Four-inch rhombohedral-stacked boron nitride wafers are reproducibly synthesized through a step-templated interfacial epitaxy strategy, exhibiting high-density, fast-speed and non-volatile memory performances.
J Inflamm Res. 2026 Sep 22;19:606503. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S606503. eCollection 2026.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were key factors mediating inflammatory injury in acute pancreatitis (AP). To this end, there was an urgent need to identify precise and effective therapeutic targets that modulate NETs formation, providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AP pancreatitis injury.
GAP: To address this gap, we investigated the potential involvement of the myo-inositol metabolism in modulating NETs and inflammatory damage during AP.
METHODS: Multi-omics analysis identified myo-inositol metabolism as critical. We then established the in vitro NETs model using phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 (ISYNA1) on NETs formation. Finally, the findings were validated in the classic AP mouse model to verify the correlation between myo-inositol metabolism and AP pathogenesis.
RESULTS: Multiple omics analyses showed that the myo-inositol metabolic pathway is the most significant, and the key enzyme ISYNA1 involved in myo-inositol synthesis was significantly reduced. ISYNA1 was significantly downregulated in both the in vitro NETs model and in neutrophils infiltrating the pancreatic tissue of AP mice. Meanwhile, exogenous supplementation of ISYNA1 or myo-inositol significantly inhibited the NETs formation in vitro and inflammatory injury in AP mice. Mechanistically, downregulation of ISYNA1 led to reduced myo-inositol synthesis, thereby promoting NETs formation via modulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
CONCLUSION: ISYNA1 and myo-inositol metabolism were among the key links that regulated NETs formation and inflammatory injury in AP. Therefore, enhancing ISYNA1 and myo-inositol metabolism might serve as a potential intervention target for treating acute organ injury in AP.
PMID:42801157 | PMC:PMC13615823 | DOI:10.2147/JIR.S606503
Oncogene, Published online: 25 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41388-026-03998-0
KIFC1 engages RUNX2/TGF-β signaling to promote lung cancer bone metastasis via disrupting bone homeostasis
Nature Nanotechnology, Published online: 17 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41565-026-02274-2
Two-dimensional materials offer low resistivity, strong thermal management and back-end-of-line compatibility, making them promising for advanced interconnects, backside power delivery and boosting efficiency in next-generation semiconductor chips.
Login