arXiv:2603.03327v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: User satisfaction is closely related to enterprises, as it not only directly reflects users' subjective evaluation of service quality or products, but also affects customer loyalty and long-term business revenue. Monitoring and understanding user emotions during interactions helps predict and improve satisfaction. However, relevant Chinese datasets are limited, and user emotions are dynamic; relying on single-turn dialogue cannot fully track emotional changes across multiple turns, which may affect satisfaction prediction. To address this, we constructed a multi-task, multi-label Chinese dialogue dataset that supports satisfaction recognition, as well as emotion recognition and emotional state transition prediction, providing new resources for studying emotion and satisfaction in dialogue systems.

arXiv:2508.01222v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Many real-world data science tasks involve complex web-based interactions: finding appropriate data available on the internet, synthesizing multimodal data from different locations, and producing summarized analyses. Existing web benchmarks often focus on simplistic interactions and often do not require diverse tool-using capabilities. Conversely, traditional data science benchmarks typically concentrate on static, highly structured datasets and do not assess end-to-end workflows that encompass data acquisition, cleaning, analysis, and insight generation. In response, we introduce WebDS, the first end-to-end web-based data science benchmark. It comprises 870 web-based data science tasks across 29 diverse websites from structured government data portals to unstructured news media, challenging agents to perform complex, multi-step, tool-based operations, across heterogeneous data formats, to better reflect the realities of modern data analytics. Evaluations of current SOTA LLM agents indicate significant performance gaps in accomplishing these tasks. For instance, Browser Use, which accomplishes $80\%$ of tasks on WebVoyager, completes only 15% of tasks in WebDS, which our analysis suggests is due to new failure modes, such as poor information grounding, repetitive behavior and shortcut-taking that agents performing WebDS's tasks display. By contrast, humans achieve around 90% accuracy, highlighting a substantial gap between current agents and human performance. By providing a more robust and realistic testing ground, WebDS sets the stage for significant advances in the development of practically useful LLM-based data science.

arXiv:2511.22935v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis plays a vital role in the early detection, monitoring, and management of various cardiovascular conditions. While existing models have achieved notable success in ECG interpretation, they fail to leverage the interrelated nature of various cardiac abnormalities. Conversely, developing a specific model capable of extracting all relevant features for multiple ECG tasks remains a significant challenge. Large-scale foundation models, though powerful, are not typically pretrained on ECG data, making full re-training or fine-tuning computationally expensive. To address these challenges, we propose EnECG(Mixture of Experts-based Ensemble Learning for ECG Multi-tasks), an ensemble-based framework that integrates multiple specialized foundation models, each excelling in different aspects of ECG interpretation. Instead of relying on a single model or single task, EnECG leverages the strengths of multiple specialized models to tackle a variety of ECG-based tasks. To mitigate the high computational cost of full re-training or fine-tuning, we introduce a lightweight adaptation strategy: attaching dedicated output layers to each foundation model and applying Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) only to these newly added parameters. We then adopt a Mixture of Experts (MoE) mechanism to learn ensemble weights, effectively combining the complementary expertise of individual models. Our experimental results demonstrate that by minimizing the scope of fine-tuning, EnECG can help reduce computational and memory costs while maintaining the strong representational power of foundation models. This framework not only enhances feature extraction and predictive performance but also ensures practical efficiency for real-world clinical applications. The code is available at https://github.com/yuhaoxu99/EnECG.git.

arXiv:2603.02434v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reliable Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis increasingly relies on multimodal assessments combining structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Electronic Health Records (EHR). However, deploying these models is bottlenecked by modality missingness, as MRI scans are expensive and frequently unavailable in many patient cohorts. Furthermore, synthesizing de novo 3D anatomical scans from sparse, high-dimensional tabular records is technically challenging and poses severe clinical risks. To address this, we introduce MIRAGE, a novel framework that reframes the missing-MRI problem as an anatomy-guided cross-modal latent distillation task. First, MIRAGE leverages a Biomedical Knowledge Graph (KG) and Graph Attention Networks to map heterogeneous EHR variables into a unified embedding space that can be propagated from cohorts with real MRIs to cohorts without them. To bridge the semantic gap and enforce physical spatial awareness, we employ a frozen pre-trained 3D U-Net decoder strictly as an auxiliary regularization engine. Supported by a novel cohort-aggregated skip feature compensation strategy, this decoder acts as a rigorous structural penalty, forcing 1D latent representations to encode biologically plausible, macro-level pathological semantics. By exclusively utilizing this distilled "diagnostic-surrogate" representation during inference, MIRAGE completely bypasses computationally expensive 3D voxel reconstruction. Experiments demonstrate that our framework successfully bridges the missing-modality gap, improving the AD classification rate by 13% compared to unimodal baselines in cohorts without real MRIs.

arXiv:2603.02578v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in socially sensitive domains, yet their unpredictable behaviors, ranging from misaligned intent to inconsistent personality, pose significant risks. We introduce SteerEval, a hierarchical benchmark for evaluating LLM controllability across three domains: language features, sentiment, and personality. Each domain is structured into three specification levels: L1 (what to express), L2 (how to express), and L3 (how to instantiate), connecting high-level behavioral intent to concrete textual output. Using SteerEval, we systematically evaluate contemporary steering methods, revealing that control often degrades at finer-grained levels. Our benchmark offers a principled and interpretable framework for safe and controllable LLM behavior, serving as a foundation for future research.

arXiv:2603.02950v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As AI systems shift from tools to collaborators, a central question is how the skills of humans relying on them change over time. We study this question mathematically by modeling the joint evolution of human skill and AI delegation as a coupled dynamical system. In our model, delegation adapts to relative performance, while skill improves through use and decays under non-use; crucially, both updates arise from optimizing a single performance metric measuring expected task error. Despite this local alignment, adaptive AI use fundamentally alters the global stability structure of human skill acquisition. Beyond the high-skill equilibrium of human-only learning, the system admits a *stable* low-skill equilibrium corresponding to persistent reliance, separated by a sharp basin boundary that makes early decisions effectively irreversible under the induced dynamics. We further show that AI assistance can strictly improve short-run performance while inducing persistent long-run performance loss relative to the no-AI baseline, driven by a negative feedback between delegation and practice. We characterize how AI quality deforms the basin boundary and show that these effects are robust to noise and asymmetric trust updates. Our results identify stability, not incentives or misalignment, as the central mechanism by which AI assistance can undermine long-run human performance and skill.

arXiv:2603.02961v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As AI systems enter institutional workflows, workers must decide whether to delegate task execution to AI and how much effort to invest in verifying AI outputs, while institutions evaluate workers using outcome-based standards that may misalign with workers' private costs. We model delegation and verification as the solution to a rational worker's optimization problem, and define worker quality by evaluating an institution-centered utility (distinct from the worker's objective) at the resulting optimal action. We formally characterize optimal worker workflows and show that AI induces *phase transitions*, where arbitrarily small differences in verification ability lead to sharply different behaviors. As a result, AI can amplify workers with strong verification reliability while degrading institutional worker quality for others who rationally over-delegate and reduce oversight, even when baseline task success improves and no behavioral biases are present. These results identify a structural mechanism by which AI reshapes institutional worker quality and amplifies quality disparities between workers with different verification reliability.

arXiv:2603.03146v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: \emph{Integrated communication and computation} (IC$^2$) has emerged as a new paradigm for enabling efficient edge inference in sixth-generation (6G) networks. However, the design of IC$^2$ technologies is hindered by the lack of a tractable theoretical framework for characterizing \emph{end-to-end} (E2E) inference performance. The metric is highly complicated as it needs to account for both channel distortion and artificial intelligence (AI) model architecture and computational complexity. In this work, we address this challenge by developing a tractable analytical model for E2E inference accuracy and leveraging it to design a \emph{channel-adaptive AI} algorithm that maximizes inference throughput, referred to as the edge processing rate (EPR), under latency and accuracy constraints. Specifically, we consider an edge inference system in which a server deploys a backbone model with early exit, which enables flexible computational complexity, to perform inference on data features transmitted by a mobile device. The proposed accuracy model characterizes high-dimensional feature distributions in the angular domain using a Mixture of von Mises (MvM) distribution. This leads to a desired closed-form expression for inference accuracy as a function of quantization bit-width and model traversal depth, which represents channel distortion and computational complexity, respectively. Building upon this accuracy model, we formulate and solve the EPR maximization problem under joint latency and accuracy constraints, leading to a channel-adaptive AI algorithm that achieves full IC$^2$ integration. The proposed algorithm jointly adapts transmit-side feature compression and receive-side model complexity according to channel conditions to maximize overall efficiency and inference throughput. Experimental results demonstrate its superior performance as compared with fixed-complexity counterparts.

arXiv:2603.02123v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The development of affective multimodal language models (MLMs) has long been constrained by a gap between low-level perception and high-level interaction, leading to fragmented affective capabilities and limited generalization. To bridge this gap, we propose a cognitively inspired three-level hierarchy that organizes affective tasks according to their cognitive depth-perception, understanding, and interaction-and provides a unified conceptual foundation for advancing affective modeling. Guided by this hierarchy, we introduce Nano-EmoX, a small-scale multitask MLM, and P2E (Perception-to-Empathy), a curriculum-based training framework. Nano-EmoX integrates a suite of omni-modal encoders, including an enhanced facial encoder and a fusion encoder, to capture key multimodal affective cues and improve cross-task transferability. The outputs are projected into a unified language space via heterogeneous adapters, empowering a lightweight language model to tackle diverse affective tasks. Concurrently, P2E progressively cultivates emotional intelligence by aligning rapid perception with chain-of-thought-driven empathy. To the best of our knowledge, Nano-EmoX is the first compact MLM (2.2B) to unify six core affective tasks across all three hierarchy levels, achieving state-of-the-art or highly competitive performance across multiple benchmarks, demonstrating excellent efficiency and generalization.

arXiv:2510.14686v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce xLLM, an intelligent and efficient Large Language Model (LLM) inference framework designed for high-performance, large-scale enterprise-grade serving, with deep optimizations for diverse AI accelerators. To address these challenges, xLLM builds a novel decoupled service-engine architecture. At the service layer, xLLM-Service features an intelligent scheduling module that efficiently processes multimodal requests and co-locates online and offline tasks through unified elastic scheduling to maximize cluster utilization. This module also relies on a workload-adaptive dynamic Prefill-Decode (PD) disaggregation policy and a novel Encode-Prefill-Decode (EPD) disaggregation policy designed for multimodal inputs. Furthermore, it incorporates a distributed architecture to provide global KV Cache management and robust fault-tolerant capabilities for high availability. At the engine layer, xLLM-Engine co-optimizes system and algorithm designs to fully saturate computing resources. This is achieved through comprehensive multi-layer execution pipeline optimizations, an adaptive graph mode and an xTensor memory management. xLLM-Engine also further integrates algorithmic enhancements such as optimized speculative decoding and dynamic EPLB, collectively serving to substantially boost throughput and inference efficiency. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that xLLM delivers significantly superior performance and resource efficiency. Under identical TPOT constraints, xLLM achieves throughput up to 1.7x that of MindIE and 2.2x that of vLLM-Ascend with Qwen-series models, while maintaining an average throughput of 1.7x that of MindIE with Deepseek-series models. xLLM framework is publicly available at https://github.com/jd-opensource/xllm and https://github.com/jd-opensource/xllm-service.

arXiv:2603.01012v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Repository-scale code reasoning is a cornerstone of modern AI-assisted software engineering, enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to handle complex workflows from program comprehension to complex debugging. However, balancing accuracy with context cost remains a significant bottleneck, as existing agentic approaches often waste computational resources through inefficient, iterative full-text exploration. To address this, we introduce FastCode, a framework that decouples repository exploration from content consumption. FastCode utilizes a structural scouting mechanism to navigate a lightweight semantic-structural map of the codebase, allowing the system to trace dependencies and pinpoint relevant targets without the overhead of full-text ingestion. By leveraging structure-aware navigation tools regulated by a cost-aware policy, the framework constructs high-value contexts in a single, optimized step. Extensive evaluations on the SWE-QA, LongCodeQA, LOC-BENCH, and GitTaskBench benchmarks demonstrate that FastCode consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in reasoning accuracy while significantly reducing token consumption, validating the efficiency of scouting-first strategies for large-scale code reasoning. Source code is available at https://github.com/HKUDS/FastCode.